Call your health professional immediately if you have an injury to your knee and:

• You have severe pain in your knee.
• Your knee appears to be deformed.
• You have signs of damage to the nerves or blood vessels, such as numbness, tingling, a "pins-and-needles" sensation below the injury, an inability to move your leg below the injury, pale or bluish skin, or your leg feels cold.

Call your health professional today if:

• Your knee begins to swell within 2 hours of the injury.
• You hear a pop in your knee during an injury.
• Your knee won't bear weight.
• You are unable to straighten your leg completely.
• Your knee is unstable, buckles, or gives out.
• Your knee "locks" in one position.
• You have had an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the past and you have reinjured your knee.

Before your appointment, do not put weight on the injured knee; use crutches if necessary. Apply ice and wrap your knee in an elastic bandage or neoprene (synthetic rubber) sleeve with a kneecap hole. Rest and elevate the knee. Take a nonprescription anti-inflammatory drug to reduce swelling. For more information on first aid steps, see the Home Treatment section of this topic.

Watchful Waiting

Watchful waiting is a period of time during which you and your health professional observe your symptoms or condition without using medical treatment. Watchful waiting is not appropriate if knee pain is severe, your knee is deformed or swells immediately after an injury, or you are unable to bear any weight, either because of pain or instability.

Serious knee injuries need to be checked for possible broken bones as well as ligament or cartilage damage. Whenever immediate swelling follows an injury, there also may be torn blood vessels or damaged nerves in the knee. Your health professional will check your knee to make sure the blood supply to your leg is normal and the nerves are intact.

If you have occasional pain in your knee or your knee sometimes gives way or buckles, have your health professional check it. If you have damaged your ACL, it is important to get treatment so that your knee is appropriately managed, which may reduce the chance that you will get osteoarthritis in your knee.

Who To See

Knee problems can be diagnosed by:

• Emergency medicine specialists (for acute knee injury).
• Family medicine doctors familiar with knee injuries.
• Orthopedic surgeons.
• Sports medicine specialists.

If surgery is considered, you may be referred to an orthopedic surgeon (possibly a sports medicine specialist) who is experienced in knee surgery.

To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment