The best way to prevent the development and worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is to not smoke. Other airway irritants (such as air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust) also can make COPD worse, but they are far less important than smoking in causing the disease. Stopping smoking is especially important if you have low levels of the protein alpha1-antitrypsin. People who have a low level of this protein may reduce their risk of developing severe COPD if they receive timely injections of man-made alpha1-antitrypsin in the blood.

Local cancer and lung societies have information and programs on how to quit smoking. Your health professional also may be able to recommend a program to help you quit smoking. For more information on how to quit, see the topic Quitting Tobacco Use.

Vaccinations

A yearly flu shot (influenza vaccine) is recommended for all people with COPD. It is important to prevent the flu because people with lung problems often develop complications of the flu, such as pneumonia. A review of studies has found that the inactivated flu shot may reduce the risk of a sudden increase in shortness of breath (COPD exacerbation).⁶

Pneumococcal vaccine helps protect against severe infections caused by many types of pneumococcal bacteria, a common cause of pneumonia in people with COPD. Usually, people need only one dose of the pneumococcal vaccine. But doctors sometimes recommend a second dose for some people, especially if they have a long-term disease. Talk with your doctor about whether you need a second dose.