The cause of Ménière's disease is unknown, but it may be related to a fluid imbalance in the inner ear. This fluid (endolymph) is contained in a part of the inner ear called the endolymphatic sac.

Eliminating excess fluid in the body may help prevent the buildup of fluid in the inner ear and reduce the possibility of an attack of vertigo. This may be done by using medicines that cause the body to lose water (diuretics) and by eating a diet low in sodium (a component of salt).

The most commonly prescribed diuretic for Ménière's disease is hydrochlorothiazide (such as Microzide). It can be used alone or combined with triamterene (such as Maxzide). Possible side effects of diuretics include weakness, cramps, and nausea.