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Understanding Chickenpox -- the Basics

What Is Chickenpox?

Chickenpox (varicella), a viral illness characterized by a very itchy red rash, is one of the most common infectious diseases of childhood. It is usually mild in children, but adults run the risk of serious complications, such as bacterial pneumonia.

People who have had chickenpox almost always develop lifetime immunity (meaning you can't get it again). However, the virus remains dormant in the body, and it can reactivate later in life and cause shingles.

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Understanding Chickenpox -- Prevention

A varicella zoster vaccine to prevent chickenpox received FDA approval in 1995. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be immunized, usually after the child is 1 year old. The vaccine is also a protection to vulnerable people, such as non-immune women who plan to become pregnant. Some, such as those who are already pregnant, are not eligible to receive the chickenpox vaccine. Consult your doctor for advice. A similar vaccine -- but in a higher dose -- is also available for the...

Read the Understanding Chickenpox -- Prevention article > >

Because the chickenpox virus can pass from a pregnant woman to her unborn child, possibly causing birth defects, doctors often advise women considering pregnancy to confirm their immunity with a blood test.

What Causes Chickenpox?

Chickenpox is caused by the herpes zoster virus, also known as the varicella zoster virus. It is spread by droplets from a sneeze or cough, or by contact with the clothing, bed linens, or oozing blisters of an infected person. The onset of symptoms is seven to 21 days after exposure. The disease is most contagious a day before the rash appears and up to seven days after, or until the rash is completely dry and scabbed.

WebMD Medical Reference

Reviewed by Charlene H. Beard, MD on March 13, 2012

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