Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Conditions Similar to ADHD

Several conditions may be confused with, or appear along with, ADHD. Those suspected of having ADHD should have a complete evaluation, including a physical examination, to help determine exactly what is contributing to the problematic behaviors.

Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are:

• A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving)
• Undetected seizures
• Thyroid problems
• Lead toxicity
• Sleep problems
• Anxiety
• Depression

It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD.

In fact, it has been estimated that nearly 75% of adults with ADHD have another condition that complicates the diagnosis and management of the ADHD. For example, some studies have shown:

• Mood disorders, like depression and bipolar disorder, exist in 19% to 37% of adults with ADHD.
• Anxiety problems exist in 25% to 50% of adults with ADHD.
• Alcohol abuse exists in 32% to 53% of adults with ADHD.
• Other types of substance abuse, including marijuana and cocaine use, occur in 8% to 32% of adults with ADHD.
• Twenty percent of adults with ADHD also have learning disabilities, particularly problems like dyslexia.

For children with ADHD, academic difficulties are common. Other problems amongst children include:

• Learning disabilities
• Conduct and oppositional defiant disorder which manifest as disruptive or even criminal behavior
• Depression and anxiety

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital.