Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Medical Treatment of ADHD

Drug therapy is an important component of treating ADHD. There are many types of drugs that can be used to control symptoms.

ADHD medicines are available in short-acting (immediate-release), intermediate-acting and long-acting forms. It may take some time for a physician to find the best medication, dosage and schedule for an individual with ADHD.

Stimulants

A class of drugs called psychostimulants or stimulants have been used to effectively treat ADHD for years. These medicines help users to focus their thoughts and ignore distractions. Stimulant medications are effective in 70% to 80% of patients.

They are used to treat both moderate and severe ADHD. The drugs are approved for use in adolescents or children over age 6 who are having difficulty with ADHD symptoms both at school or at work, as well as at home.

Stimulant drugs to treat ADHD include:

• Adderall and Adderall XR
• Concerta
• Dexedrine
• Focalin
• Metadate CD and Metadate ER
• Methylin
• Ritalin, Ritalin LA

Nonstimulants and Other Drugs Used to Treat ADHD

In 2003, the first nonstimulant medication, Strattera, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It's used in adults, children and adolescents and is the first treatment approved to control ADHD symptoms in adults.

What Other Medications Are Used to Treat ADHD?

When stimulants or Strattera are ineffective or not well-tolerated, several other medications are available to treat ADHD. These medications include:

• Pamelor or other tricyclic antidepressants
• Catapres or Tenex
• Wellbutrin
• Effexor

Side Effects

ADHD drugs sometimes have side effects, but these tend to happen early in treatment and are usually mild and short-lived. The most common side effects include:

• Decreased appetite/weight loss
• Sleep problems
• Headaches
• Jitteriness
• Social withdrawal
• Stomachaches

In most cases, side effects can be relieved using one of the following strategies:

• Changing the medication dosage
• Adjusting the schedule of medication
• Using a different medication

Always consult your health care provider before making any changes in your ADHD treatment regimen.

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital.