Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Treatment Overview

Treatment of ADHD helps control the ADHD symptoms, including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Consistent ADHD treatment can improve the ability of the person with ADHD to function better in school, at work, and in social situations.

Treatment for ADHD is multifaceted. It consists of ADHD medications or behavioral modification therapy or both. ADHD treatment should be tailored to meet the unique needs of the child or adult who has ADHD as well as the needs of the family.

What kind of treatment for ADHD is recommended for children and adolescents?

Studies have established the safety and effectiveness of using stimulant medications and behavioral therapy. These treatments do more than simply relieve the symptoms of ADHD. They also improve the child's ability to follow rules and to improve relationships with peers and parents.

There are two treatment strategies that have been shown to be effective for elementary-school children with ADHD. The first is a closely monitored medication treatment program. The second is a program that combines medication with intensive behavior therapy. In a large study, nine out of 10 children improved substantially with one of these two treatment strategies.

The most effective approach to treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD is a multidisciplinary approach. This approach includes multiple elements that work best together and support each other. The components of a multidisciplinary approach to treating ADHD include:

• education for both parents and child about diagnosis and treatment
• ADHD medication
• behavior management therapy
• school teacher involvement
• school counselor involvement

Which medications are used to treat ADHD in children?

The primary ADHD medications include stimulants and antidepressants. Psychostimulant medications are commonly prescribed. They include methylphenidate -- Ritalin, Metadate, Concerta -- or amphetamines, including Dexedrine, Dextrostat, and Adderall.

A newer drug that's being used is atomoxetine, brand name Strattera. This drug is marketed as a "non-stimulant." The way it works is very similar to the way psychostimulant medications work. Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that transmit nerve impulses. Strattera works on the neurotransmitter called norepinephrine. Like the stimulant drugs, Strattera is effective in treating and controlling ADHD symptoms. But it is not a controlled substance, and people are less likely to abuse the drug or become dependent on it. In addition, Strattera doesn't cause many of the side effects linked to the psychostimulants. Another newer drug called Vyvanse is also very effective.

The antidepressant Wellbutrin has been shown to be beneficial in treating ADHD. Wellbutrin can be an alternate treatment when tolerance or abuse of a stimulant is a problem.

Antidepressants have a positive effect on all three of the major components of ADHD: inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. They are a second option for children whose response to stimulant medication has been inadequate. They also are used as an alternative for children who experience unacceptable side effects, such as tics or insomnia, from stimulant medication.