Talk to your doctor if you are pregnant and are concerned that your child may have effects from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). If you are not able to talk openly with your current doctor, consider finding another doctor with whom you feel more comfortable. Your doctor should treat you with respect and be willing to work with you to find out whether your child is at risk for FASD-related problems. He or she should also make an effort to help you address and manage any alcohol-related problems that you may have. Call your local hospital or a community referral center for suggestions on finding a doctor or other support person.

You can help your child with effects from FASD by:

• Getting treatment for any alcohol dependence or alcohol abuse problems that you or other members of your family may have. Identifying and managing alcohol problems will help you provide the stability and security your child needs to develop to his or her full potential.
• Learning how to care for your baby with alcohol effects. A baby with a severe form of FASD, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or fetal alcohol abuse syndrome (FAAS), may be very sensitive to stimulation (touch, sounds, and light), have sucking problems, and have trouble accomplishing developmental tasks. If your baby seems irritable and colicky, try to soothe him or her in a quiet, dark room. Avoid as much as possible taking your baby to crowded or noisy places. If feeding is difficult, feed your baby smaller amounts more frequently, maybe as often as every hour. If you bottle-feed your baby, use a nipple made for a premature infant.
• Encouraging your toddler or school-age child to gain independence and to behave well. Providing structure and seeking intervention when needed are important for reaching these goals.
• Scheduling regular visits to the doctor as your child grows. These visits are important for monitoring the effects of alcohol exposure. Treating problems early can help minimize their effect on your child's development.
• Helping your teen or young adult to adapt to greater responsibilities. A teen may benefit from social skills training, which may include professional counseling for emotional problems or a mental disorder, such as depression. Use community services, such as vocational training programs, to help your teen or young adult prepare for and find an appropriate job. A young adult who is severely affected may need to live and work in a situation that provides supervision. But many adults with alcohol effects can live independently.

A child with FASD is at risk for low self-esteem, which is a child's core belief about himself or herself. You can help your child develop a healthy self-esteem by encouraging a sense of belonging, a feeling of being valued, and confidence in learning.

Growth and development: Helping your child build self-esteem

Help for parents