Medical Reference Related to Brain Cancer

21. Significance
    

    Incidence and Mortality About 7% of all malignancies in children under the age of 15 are neuroblastomas. About one quarter of cancers in the first year of life are neuroblastomas,making this the most frequent histological type of infant cancer.[ 1,2 ] The incidence rate of the disease in children younger than 1 year is about 35 per million but declines rapidly with age to about 1 per million ...

22. Histopathologic Classification of Childhood Craniopharyngioma
    

    Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign and do not metastasize to remote brain locations or to areas outside the sellar region except by direct extension. They may be invasive,however,and may recur locally. They may be classified as adamantinomous or squamous papillary,with the former being the predominant form in children.[ 1 ] They are typically composed of both a solid portion with ...

23. Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed Childhood Craniopharyngioma
    

    There is no consensus as to the optimal treatment of newly diagnosed craniopharyngioma. No scientifically valid study has been performed to compare the different modalities in terms of recurrence rate or quality of life.[ 1 ] For this reason,treatment is determined for each patient individually. Radical Surgery Because these tumors are histologically benign,it may be possible to remove all ...

24. Treatment Option Overview
    

    The treatments described in this summary are based on the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) Risk Stratification Schema,which is described in the Stage Information section of this summary. The risk of progression of the tumor causing morbidity and mortality is gauged based on the stage of the tumor,the age of the child at diagnosis,and tumor biology. The biological features considered are the ...

25. Stage Information
    

    The treatment section of this document is organized to correspond with the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) risk-based schema for the treatment of neuroblastoma. This schema is based on 3 factors: patient age at diagnosis,certain biological characteristics of the patient’s neuroblastoma tumor,and the stage of the tumor as defined by the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS). The .

26. Treatment Option Overview
    

    Many of the improvements in survival in childhood cancer have been made as a result of clinical trials that have attempted to improve on the best available,accepted therapy. Clinical trials in pediatrics are designed to compare new therapy with therapy that is currently accepted as standard. This comparison may be done in a randomized study of two treatment arms or by evaluating a single new ...

27. Treatment of Intermediate-Risk Neuroblastoma
    

    In North America,the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) is investigating a risk-based neuroblastoma treatment plan that assigns all patients to low-risk,intermediate-risk,and high-risk groups based on age,International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage,and tumor biology (i.e.,MYCN gene amplification,Shimada classification,and DNA ploidy). (Risk groups are defined in Table 1 of the ...

28. About PDQ
    

    PDQ IS A COMPREHENSIVE CANCER DATABASE AVAILABLE ON NCI'S WEB SITE. PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. Most of the information contained in PDQ is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health,the federal government's focal point for biomedical research. .

29. General Information About Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor
    

    Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the brain. Central nervous system (CNS) atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a very rare,fast-growing tumor of the brain and spinal cord. It usually occurs in children younger than three years of age,although it can occur in older children and adults. About ...

30. Late Effects in Patients Treated for Childhood Craniopharyngioma
    

    Because of their intracranial location and the treatment used for these tumors,craniopharyngiomas may cause acute and long-term morbidity. Immediate outcome following initial treatment is largely determined by preoperative status,age of the patient,size of the tumor,and aggressiveness of surgical resection. Younger children and infants often have the largest tumors,which are the most ...