Hoodia, The New Weight Loss Miracle?

The South African desert plant Hoodia gordonii, long ingested by Kalahari bushmen, has begun to attract widespread attention as a weight loss aid.

The only place in the world where Hoodia grows in the wild is the Kalahari desert in southern Africa. The plant has been eaten for centuries by the Kalahari bushmen living in the area, reportedly to prevent hunger during long journeys. A South African laboratory that had been studying indigenous plants for many years identified a molecule in the Hoodia plant, termed P57, that appears to suppress appetite. The South African researchers applied for a patent for the use of this compound as a diet aid and licensed it to a British pharmaceutical company, Phytopharm.

Scientists from Phytopharm say that the active ingredient in Hoodia, P57, acts on the brain in a manner similar to glucose and sends the message that you are full even when you have not eaten, thus decreasing your desire to eat. Ingestion of the Hoodia plant has no known reported side effects, although its taste is considered to be unpleasant and bitter.

According to CBS and BBC news reports, Phytopharm has spent millions of dollars in research on Hoodia and conducted a study of its effects on human volunteers. In their study, they report that obese volunteers who took Hoodia ended up eating about 1,000 calories per day less than those who did not take the supplement. But the pharmaceutical firm Pfizer, which had teamed with Phytopharm and funded much of the research on Hoodia, dropped out of the project because of beliefs that it wouldn't be realistic to make pills out of the active ingredient in the Hoodia plant. Hoodia grows in extremely hot conditions, and the plant takes years to reach maturity. Until now, the plant has never been cultivated and was only found in the wild. In order to increase its very limited supply, Phytopharm has established Hoodia plantations in South Africa, which are trying to establish cultivation and farming methods to grow the wild plant.

The BBC also reported in 2003 that it tested the "leading brand of Hoodia pills" sold in the U.S. and found no discernible evidence that the pills contained any active Hoodia. Because of the relative scarcity of Hoodia, the ingredient is hard for manufacturers to acquire, which makes it hard to understand how dozens of firms now claim to sell weight loss supplements containing Hoodia. Scientists at Phytopharm claim that many firms are fraudulently using their data and claims about Hoodia to market their own products. Phytopharm states that assays of "Hoodia" supplements from different companies show that these contain between 0.1 and 0.01 percent of the active ingredient claimed, according to a CBS report in 2004.