Digestive Disorders Health Center
The Basics of Constipation
- What Is Constipation?
- What Causes Constipation?
- What Are the Symptoms of Constipation?
- How Is Constipation Diagnosed?
- How Can I Prevent Constipation?
- What Should I Do If I Am Constipated?
- Warning About Constipation
Constipation is one of those topics few like to talk about. If you've suffered from this problem, though, you know it can be both painful and frustrating.
Almost everyone gets constipated at some time during his or her life. It affects approximately 2% of the population in the U.S. Women and the elderly are more commonly affected. Though not usually serious, constipation can be a concern.
By Janis Graham Stuffing? Check. Stiff drinks? Check. Stress? Check. 'Tis the season -- for stomachaches. "The holidays create a perfect storm for stomach problems because of all the eating, traveling, and partying," says Roger D. Mitty, M.D., chief of gastroenterology at Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center in Boston. And women are especially vulnerable, since some gastrointestinal ills occur up to six times more often in women than in men. What's more, a recent survey found that during...
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What Is Constipation?
Constipation occurs when bowel movements become difficult or less frequent. The normal length of time between bowel movements ranges widely from person to person. Some people have bowel movements three times a day; others, only one or two times a week. Going longer than three days without a bowel movement is too long. After three days, the stool or feces become harder and more difficult to pass.
You are considered constipated if you have two or more of the following for at least 3 months:
- Straining during a bowel movement more than 25% of the time.
- Hard stools more than 25% of the time.
- Incomplete evacuation more than 25% of the time.
- Two or fewer bowel movements in a week.
What Causes Constipation?
Constipation is usually caused by a disorder of bowel function rather than a structural problem. Common causes of constipation include:
- Inadequate water intake.
- Inadequate fiber in the diet.
- A disruption of regular diet or routine; traveling.
- Inadequate activity or exercise or immobility.
- Eating large amounts of dairy products.
- Stress.
- Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement, which is sometimes the result of pain from hemorrhoids.
- Overuse of laxatives (stool softeners) which, over time, weaken the bowel muscles.
- Hypothyroidism.
- Neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.
- Antacid medicines containing calcium or aluminum.
- Medicines (especially strong pain medicines, such as narcotics, antidepressants, or iron pills).
- Depression.
- Eating disorders.
- Irritable bowel syndrome.
- Pregnancy.
- Colon cancer.
In some cases, lack of good nerve and muscle function in the bowel may also be a cause of constipation.
What Are the Symptoms of Constipation?
Symptoms of constipation can include:
- Infrequent bowel movements and/or difficulty having bowel movements.
- Swollen abdomen or abdominal pain.
- Pain.
- Vomiting.
WebMD Medical Reference
