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Babies and Older Adults Have an Increased Risk of Cold Injury

Babies

Babies, especially newborns, are more likely to suffer injury from cold temperature exposure.

They have a large body surface area compared with their weight. Their body heat is lost more rapidly when exposed to cold weather conditions.
Their ability to regulate body temperatures is not well-developed. They are not able to shiver (which warms a person up).
They don't have much fat under their skin (which keeps them warm).

Older adults

Older adults are more likely to have a cold injury, especially hypothermia, because:

Their normal body temperature may decrease with age.
They can't regulate their body temperature as well. They do not produce as much heat energy. They also have less body fat.
Their blood vessels do not narrow (constrict) and conserve body heat as easily.
They do not shiver as much. Shivering warms the body.
Their mental awareness of changes in temperatures may change.
They have medical conditions that increase their risk for hypothermia. Some of these conditions include:
- Arthritis.
- Thyroid disease.
- History of a stroke.
- Alzheimer's disease.
- Parkinson's disease.
- Diabetes.
- Heart failure.
- Poor nutrition.
- Multiple sclerosis.
- Body infection (sepsis).
- Skin conditions, such as psoriasis.
They are more likely to be using medicines that may affect their response to cold.
They may live alone and have fewer resources to keep them safe from cold injury. They are more likely to have poorly heated homes.

By	Healthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer	William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer	H. Michael O'Connor, MD - Emergency Medicine
Last Revised	May 11, 2011

WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise

Last Updated: May 11, 2011

This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.