An upper endoscopy can be used to determine the causes of heartburn or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) -- and is also often performed as an outpatient procedure. Upper endoscopy uses a thin scope with a light and camera at its tip to look inside of the upper digestive system -- the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum.

Sometimes the procedure is done in emergencies in the hospital or emergency room to both identify and treat upper digestive system bleeding such as from an ulcer.

The procedure is commonly used to help identify the causes of:

Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Heartburn
Bleeding
Swallowing disorders

Endoscopy can also help identify inflammation, ulcers, and tumors.

Upper endoscopy can be more accurate than X-rays for detecting abnormal growths and for examining the inside of the upper digestive system.

What Should I Do Before an Upper Endoscopy?

Before the upper endoscopy, tell your doctor about any medications (including over-the-counter) you are taking and about any medical problems or special conditions you have.

Special conditions include:

If you are pregnant, have a lung or heart condition, or if you are allergic to any medications.
You have ever been told you need to take antibiotics before a dental or surgical procedure
You have ever had endocarditis
An artificial heart valve
Rheumatic heart disease

If you have any of these conditions or devices, you may be at higher risk for complications or you may need to take antibiotics before the upper endoscopy.

Can I Eat or Drink Anything Before an Upper Endoscopy?

An upper endoscopy requires that you have an empty stomach before the procedure. Do not eat or drink anything for at least six hours before the procedure, or as directed by your doctor or nurse.

Medications for high blood pressure, heart conditions or thyroid conditions may be taken with a small sip of water before the procedure.

I Have Diabetes. Can I Take Insulin the Day of my Upper Endoscopy?

If you have diabetes and use insulin, you must adjust the dosage of insulin the day of your upper endoscopy. Your diabetes provider will help you with this adjustment. Bring your diabetes medication with you so you can take it after the procedure.

Will I Be Able to Drive Home Following my Upper Endoscopy?

No. You will need to bring a responsible adult with you to accompany you home after the endoscopy. You should not drive or operate machinery for at least eight hours after the procedure. The sedation given during the procedure causes drowsiness and dizziness and impairs your judgment, making it unsafe for you to drive or operate machinery.

What Can I Expect the Day of my Upper Endoscopy?

A doctor will explain the upper endoscopy in detail, including possible complications and side effects. The doctor will also answer any questions you may have.
An experienced doctor will perform the procedure.
You will be asked to wear a hospital gown and to remove your eyeglasses and dentures.
A local anesthetic (pain-relieving medication) may be applied at the back of your throat.
You will be given a pain reliever and a sedative intravenously (in your vein). You will feel relaxed and drowsy.
A mouthpiece will be placed in your mouth. It does not interfere with your breathing.
You will lie on your left side during the procedure.
The doctor will insert the endoscope into your mouth, through your esophagus (the "food pipe" leading from your mouth into your stomach) and into your stomach. The endoscope does not interfere with your breathing.
Most procedures take 15 to 30 minutes.