Levonorgestrel (LNg) IUD

The levonorgestrel (LNg) intrauterine device (IUD) releases small amounts of levonorgestrel, a form of progesterone, into the uterus each day. In addition to reducing cramping and heavy menstrual bleeding, this type of IUD is a highly effective method of birth control.

Unlike other IUDs, the levonorgestrel IUD may decrease the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). It must be replaced every 5 years to ensure that hormone release continues at a level that helps you.

How effective is it?

Most women experience a significant decrease in uterine blood loss with the LNg IUD. Some studies report up to a 97% reduction in blood loss after 12 months.¹ Increased spotting during the first couple of months is common, followed by less bleeding thereafter.

When compared to women who had a hysterectomy to treat dysfunctional uterine bleeding, women using the LNg IUD report similar satisfaction with their treatment and with their health-related quality of life after 12 months.²

What are common side effects?

Common progestin/levonorgestrel-related side effects include bloating, weight gain, and breast tenderness.

Possible changes in the menstrual cycle caused by the LNg IUD include:²

• Absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea).
• Irregular, though not usually heavy, menstrual bleeding.
• A temporary increase in menstrual bleeding (including menstrual days and bleeding between periods). This side effect usually subsides after the first couple of months of use.

Citations

1. Lobo RA (2007). Abnormal uterine bleeding: Ovulatory and anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, management of acute and chronic excessive bleeding. In VL Katz et al., eds., Comprehensive Gynecology, 5th ed., pp. 915–931. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.

2. Duckitt K, Collins S (2006). Menorrhagia, search date September 2006. Online version of Clinical Evidence (15): 1–17.