A prosthetic heart valve is an artificial valve, made of plastic, metal, or pig tissue, that is surgically implanted to replace a person's original heart valve. A person's heart valve may need to be replaced if it no longer works properly because of a birth defect or because of damage caused by a disease process or aging.
When a person has a prosthetic heart valve, he or she may need to take anticoagulants to prevent blood clots and may need to take antibiotics before certain procedures to prevent infection.
WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise