Many people have minor eye problems, such as eyestrain, irritated eyes, or itchy, scaly eyelids (blepharitis). These problems may be ongoing (chronic) but usually are not serious. Home treatment can relieve the symptoms of many minor eye problems.

See an illustration of the eye.

Common eye problems

Common types of eye problems include:

• Drainage from the eyes.
• Eyestrain or vision changes.
• Misaligned eyes or strabismus.
• Blood in the white of the eye (subconjunctival hemorrhage).
• Eyelid problems.
• Contact lens problems.
• Color blindness.
• Night blindness.
• Glaucoma.
• Cataracts.
• Retinal problems, such as diabetic retinopathy.
• Red eyes that may be caused by infection, inflammation, or tumors.
• Uveitis.
• Macular degeneration.

It is common for the eyes to be irritated or have a scratchy feeling. Pain is not a common eye problem unless there has been an injury. It is not unusual for the eyes to be slightly sensitive to light. However, sudden, painful sensitivity to light is a serious problem that may indicate glaucoma or inflammation of the muscles that control the pupil (iritis) and should be evaluated by your doctor.

Sudden problems such as new vision changes, pain in the eye, or increased drainage are often more serious and need to be evaluated by a doctor. Eye symptoms that are new or that occur suddenly may be evaluated by an emergency medicine specialist. Ongoing (chronic) eye problems that may be worsening are usually evaluated by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist).

Some children may have special risks for eye problems. Vision screening is recommended for infants who were either born at or before 30 weeks, whose birth weight was below 1500 g, or who have serious medical conditions. Most vision problems are noticed first by the parents. See tips for spotting eye problems in your child. The first screening is recommended between 4 and 7 weeks after birth.¹

Review the Emergencies and Check Your Symptoms sections to determine if and when you need to see a doctor.