Lung Disease & Respiratory Health Center

Based on your risk, you might have tests to look for blood clots or rule out other causes of your symptoms. Common tests include blood tests, ultrasound, spiral CT scan, electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG), and MRI.

How is it treated?

Doctors usually treat pulmonary embolism with medicines called anticoagulants. They are often called blood thinners, but they don't really thin the blood. They help prevent new clots and keep existing clots from growing.

At first, the doctor may give you a shot of heparin, a blood thinner that works quickly. Then you may take warfarin (such as Coumadin), a blood thinner that you take as a pill. Most people take warfarin for a few months. People at high risk for blood clots may need it for the rest of their lives.

If symptoms are severe and life-threatening, "clot-busting" drugs called thrombolytics may be used. These medicines can dissolve clots quickly, but they increase the risk of serious bleeding. Another option is surgery to remove the clot (embolectomy).

Some people can't take blood thinners, or they form clots in spite of taking the medicine. To prevent future problems, they may have a filter put into the large vein (vena cava) that carries blood from the lower body to the heart. A vena cava filter helps keep blood clots from reaching the lungs.

If you have had pulmonary embolism once, you are more likely to have it again. Blood thinners can help reduce your risk, but they increase your risk of bleeding. If your doctor prescribes blood thinners, be sure you understand how to take your medicine safely, and see your doctor for regular blood tests.

You can reduce your risk of pulmonary embolism by doing things that help prevent blood clots in your legs.

• Avoid sitting for long periods. Get up and walk around every hour or so, or flex your feet often.
• Get moving as soon as you can after surgery.
• When you travel, drink extra fluids. But avoid drinks with alcohol or caffeine.
• Wear compression stockings if you are at high risk.
• If you take blood thinners, take them just the way your doctor tells you to.

Frequently Asked Questions