Child protective services, law enforcement, and health professionals are all involved with treatment for Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). Treatment is very complex and involves the child, the caregiver, and possibly other family members.

The child will be placed in a safe situation, away from the offending caregiver. Doctors will monitor the child for symptoms and will provide counseling. Young children who are victims of MSBP may respond well to play therapy.

A diagnosis of MSBP may be confirmed if the child's symptoms improve or disappear after the child has been separated from the caregiver. A hospital stay may be needed or continued if the child's current symptoms are serious. The child may later be placed in foster care. Whether the child returns to the caregiver's custody depends on the severity of the case and on the caregiver's response to treatment. Some children who are reunited with the offending caregiver become victims of MSBP again.

Treatment for the caregiver includes a complete physical and psychological examination followed by counseling. The counselor attempts to help the caregiver understand how she has harmed her child. Also, strategies are offered to help the caregiver manage anxiety, stress, self-esteem problems, and problems with feeling in control of her life.