Diagnosis: Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis: Drug Therapy
A number of drugs have been shown to slow the progression of MS in some people. These are called the disease modifying drugs. They include:
- Avonex (interferon beta-1a)
- Betaseron (interferon beta-1b)
- Copaxone (glatiramer acetate)
- Novantrone (mitoxantrone)
- Rebif (interferon beta-1a)
- Tysabri (natalizumab)
- Gilenya (fingolimod)
How Do These Drugs Work?
All of these drugs work by suppressing, or altering, the activity of the body's immune system. Thus, these therapies are based on the theory that MS is, at least in part, a result of an abnormal response of the body's immune system that causes it to attack the myelin surrounding nerves.
Do the Drugs Cure MS?
These medications do not cure MS, but they do reduce the frequency and severity of attacks and the development of new brain lesions. In addition, they slow down the progression of MS, reducing future disability.
These drugs can improve the quality of life for many people with MS. Therefore, most doctors suggest that treatment with one of these drugs be started in most people as soon as a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS has been made.
Is Drug Therapy Right for Me?
The decision concerning whether or when to begin treatment with one of these medications is best made by you and your doctor. Factors that should be considered include potential side effects, benefits, frequency, method of medication delivery, and your personal concerns, priorities and lifestyle.
The most important goal is to find a treatment you can use comfortably and consistently. Each pharmaceutical company offers customer support and may also provide some financial assistance for qualifying individuals without prescription drug coverage.
Here's what you need to know about the most commonly used MS drugs.
| Avonex (interferon beta-1a) | |
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Use: Treatment of relapsing forms of MS, and to treat after an initial episode of inflammation. |
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How administered: Intramuscular (into the muscle) injection |
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Frequency of use: Weekly |
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Common side effects: Mild flu-like symptoms |
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| Support Program: MS Active Source 1-800-456-2255 | |
| Betaseron (interferon beta-1b) | |
| Use: Treatment of relapsing forms of MS | |
| How administered: Subcutaneous (under the skin) injection | |
| Frequency of use: Every other day | |
| Common side effects: Mild flu-like symptoms | |
| Support Program: MS Pathways 1-800-788-1467 | |
| Copaxone (glatiramer acetate) | |
| Use: Treatment of relapsing-remitting MS | |
| How administered: Subcutaneous (under the skin) injection | |
| Frequency of use: Daily | |
| Common side effects: Possible reaction at the injection site | |
| Support Program: Shared Solutions 1-800-887-8100 | |
| Gilenya (fingolimod) | |
| Use: Treatment of relapsing-remitting MS | |
| How administered: Orally in pill form | |
| Frequency of use: Daily | |
| Common side effects: Eye toxicity, increased risk of infection | |
| Novantrone (mitoxantrone) | |
| Use: Treatment of rapidly worsening relapsing-remitting MS and for progressive-relapsing or secondary-progressive forms of MS | |
| How administered: Intravenous (by vein) | |
| Frequency of use: Once every 3 months or four times a year. Maximum dose 8-12 doses | |
| Common side effects:Nausea, hair thinning, decreased white blood cell count | |
| Support Program: MS LifeLines 1-877-447-3243 | |
| Rebif (interferon beta-1a) | |
| Use: Treatment of relapsing forms of MS | |
| How administered: Subcutaneous (under the skin) injection | |
| Frequency of use: Three times per week | |
| Common side effects: Mild flu-like symptoms | |
| Support Program: MS LifeLines 1-877-447-3243 | |
Tysabri (natalizumab)
Use: Treatment of relapsing forms of MS
How administered: Intravenous (in the vein)
Frequency of use: Every 4 weeks
Common side effects: Headache, feeling tired, and joint pain
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