Thrush is a yeast infection that can develop in the mouth and throat and on the tongue. Thrush is most common in newborns, infants, and older adults, but it can occur at any age. In healthy newborns and infants, thrush is usually not a serious problem and is easily treated and cured.

Except for the mildest cases, you should treat thrush to keep the infection from spreading. Antifungal medications, which inhibit the growth of yeast, are the standard treatment for thrush. Thrush is most commonly treated with medications that are either applied directly to the affected area (topical) or swallowed (oral).

• Your or your child's general health, the severity of the infection, and the persistence or recurrence of the infection determine how the medication will be given.
• Infants are nearly always treated with topical antifungal medications. Topical medications don't work as well in adults because they have bigger mouths and it is hard to cover the affected areas.

Mild thrush

In adults, mild cases of thrush may clear up with simple treatment that can be done at home. This treatment usually involves using an antifungal mouth rinse or lozenges. Treatment usually lasts about 14 days.

Mild thrush in infants is usually treated with topical medications until at least 48 hours after the symptoms have gone away.

Moderate to severe thrush

More severe thrush infections that have spread to the esophagus are treated with an oral antifungal medication. A topical antifungal medication may also be used.

For some severe infections, a treatment period longer than 14 days may be needed.

Oral antifungal medications are almost never used during pregnancy because the fetus may be harmed. However, if a pregnant woman has a rare, severe thrush infection that has spread to her blood, oral antifungal medications may be used. In this case, the risk of harm to the mother and fetus from the severe thrush infection may be greater than the risk posed by the use of antifungal medications.

Persistent or recurrent thrush

Persistent or recurrent cases of thrush may:

• Need to be treated twice as long as the symptoms last.
• Require treatment with both oral and topical antifungal medications.

People with weakened immune systems can take an antifungal medication on a continuous basis to prevent thrush infections.

It is very important to get rid of any sources of infection, or thrush will continue to come back. Do this by cleaning toys, pacifiers, bottles, and other items a child may put in his or her mouth or share with another child. For more information, see the Prevention section of this topic.

It is important to treat conditions that make you more likely to get thrush, such as diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or cancer. For more information, see the Prevention section of this topic.