DIINDOLYLMETHANE: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Overview

Diindolylmethane is made in the body from a chemical called indole-3-carbinol, which is found in cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower and broccoli.

Diindolylmethane might act like estrogen in the body, but might also block estrogen effects. It appears to help destroy cancer cells and reduce swelling.

People commonly use diindolylmethane for breast cancer, prostate cancer, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Uses & Effectiveness ?

We currently have no information for DIINDOLYLMETHANE overview.

Side Effects

Special Precautions and Warnings

When taken by mouth: Diindolylmethane is commonly consumed in foods. A typical diet supplies 2-24 mg of diindolylmethane daily. It is possibly safe for most people when taken in doses up to 150 mg daily for up to 1 year. The most common side effects include headache, nausea, vomiting, gas, and diarrhea.

Taking larger doses of diindolylmethane is possibly unsafe. Taking 600 mg of diindolylmethane daily might lower sodium levels in some people. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Diindolylmethane is commonly consumed in foods. There isn't enough reliable information to know if larger amounts are safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.

Children: Diindolylmethane is commonly consumed in foods. There isn't enough reliable information to know if larger amounts are safe.

Hormone-sensitive conditions: Diindolylmethane might act like estrogen, so it might make hormone-sensitive conditions worse. These conditions include breast cancer, cancer of the uterus, ovarian cancer, a painful uterine disorder (endometriosis), or non-cancerous growths of the uterus (uterine fibroids). Until more is known, don't use diindolylmethane if you have a hormone-sensitive condition.

Interactions ?

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

Water pills (Diuretic drugs) interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE
Diindolylmethane can decrease sodium levels. "Water pills" can also decrease sodium levels. Taking "water pills" along with diindolylmethane might make sodium levels drop too low.
Estrogens interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE
Diindolylmethane might have effects similar to estrogen. But in some cases, diindolylmethane might oppose the effects of estrogen. Taking large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.

Minor Interaction

Be watchful with this combination

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrates) interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Diindolylmethane might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

Dosing

Diindolylmethane is naturally made in the stomach after eating vegetables that contain the chemical called indole-3-carbinol. Vegetables that contain this chemical include broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and Brussels sprouts. A typical diet supplies 2-24 mg of diindolylmethane daily.

In supplements, diindolylmethane has most often been used by adults in doses of 100-150 mg by mouth daily for 1-12 months. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.

View References

REFERENCES:

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Kassie, F., Anderson, L. B., Scherber, R., Yu, N., Lahti, D., Upadhyaya, P., and Hecht, S. S. Indole-3-carbinol inhibits 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice and modulates carcinogen-induced alterations in protein levels. Cancer Res. 7-1-2007;67(13):6502-6511. View abstract.

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Kim, E. J., Park, H., Kim, J., and Park, J. H. 3,3'-diindolylmethane suppresses 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and tumor promotion in mouse skin via the downregulation of inflammatory mediators. Mol.Carcinog. 2010;49(7):672-683. View abstract.

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Kim, E. J., Shin, M., Park, H., Hong, J. E., Shin, H. K., Kim, J., Kwon, D. Y., and Park, J. H. Oral administration of 3,3'-diindolylmethane inhibits lung metastasis of 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells in BALB/c mice. J.Nutr. 2009;139(12):2373-2379. View abstract.

Kim, Y. H., Kwon, H. S., Kim, D. H., Shin, E. K., Kang, Y. H., Park, J. H., Shin, H. K., and Kim, J. K. 3,3'-diindolylmethane attenuates colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis in mice. Inflamm.Bowel.Dis. 2009;15(8):1164-1173. View abstract.

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Leong, H., Firestone, G. L., and Bjeldanes, L. F. Cytostatic effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human endometrial cancer cells result from an estrogen receptor-mediated increase in transforming growth factor-alpha expression. Carcinogenesis 2001;22(11):1809-1817. View abstract.

Leong, H., Riby, J. E., Firestone, G. L., and Bjeldanes, L. F. Potent ligand-independent estrogen receptor activation by 3,3'-diindolylmethane is mediated by cross talk between the protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Mol.Endocrinol. 2004;18(2):291-302. View abstract.

Li, Y., Li, X., and Guo, B. Chemopreventive agent 3,3'-diindolylmethane selectively induces proteasomal degradation of class I histone deacetylases. Cancer Res. 1-15-2010;70(2):646-654. View abstract.

Li, Y., Li, X., and Sarkar, F. H. Gene expression profiles of I3C- and DIM-treated PC3 human prostate cancer cells determined by cDNA microarray analysis. J.Nutr. 2003;133(4):1011-1019. View abstract.

Li, Y., Wang, Z., Kong, D., Murthy, S., Dou, Q. P., Sheng, S., Reddy, G. P., and Sarkar, F. H. Regulation of FOXO3a/beta-catenin/GSK-3beta signaling by 3,3'-diindolylmethane contributes to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. J.Biol.Chem. 7-20-2007;282(29):21542-21550. View abstract.

McDougal, A., Gupta, M. S., Morrow, D., Ramamoorthy, K., Lee, J. E., and Safe, S. H. Methyl-substituted diindolylmethanes as inhibitors of estrogen-induced growth of T47D cells and mammary tumors in rats. Breast Cancer Res.Treat. 2001;66(2):147-157. View abstract.

McGuire, K. P., Ngoubilly, N., Neavyn, M., and Lanza-Jacoby, S. 3,3'-diindolylmethane and paclitaxel act synergistically to promote apoptosis in HER2/Neu human breast cancer cells. J.Surg.Res. 5-15-2006;132(2):208-213. View abstract.

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Rahman, K. W., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Sarkar, S. H., and Sarkar, F. H. Gene expression profiling revealed survivin as a target of 3,3'-diindolylmethane-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 5-1-2006;66(9):4952-4960. View abstract.

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Smith, S., Sepkovic, D., Bradlow, H. L., and Auborn, K. J. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane and genistein decrease the adverse effects of estrogen in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. J.Nutr. 2008;138(12):2379-2385. View abstract.

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Vivar, O. I., Lin, C. L., Firestone, G. L., and Bjeldanes, L. F. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane induces a G(1) arrest in human prostate cancer cells irrespective of androgen receptor and p53 status. Biochem.Pharmacol. 9-1-2009;78(5):469-476. View abstract.

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DIINDOLYLMETHANE - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Overview

Uses & Effectiveness ?

Side Effects

Special Precautions and Warnings

Interactions ?

Moderate Interaction

Water pills (Diuretic drugs) interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE

Estrogens interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE

Minor Interaction

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrates) interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE

Dosing

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DIINDOLYLMETHANE - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Overview

Uses & Effectiveness ?

Side Effects

Special Precautions and Warnings

Interactions ?

Moderate Interaction

Water pills (Diuretic drugs) interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE

Estrogens interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE

Minor Interaction

Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrates) interacts with DIINDOLYLMETHANE

Dosing

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