Making simple changes in what you eat, how often you exercise, how much you weigh, and how you manage stress can help put the brakes on heart disease.
But can you actually reverse it, not just slow it down?
You can undo some, but probably not all, of the damage. You’ll have to make big, lasting changes to your lifestyle.
Yes, You Can!
Dean Ornish, MD, founder and president of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute, has written six best-selling books, including Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease.
In his book The Spectrum, Ornish describes patients waiting to undergo a heart transplant -- those with the worst possible damage -- who enrolled in his program while on a transplant list. Some of them, he says, improved so much, they no longer needed a transplant.
“Our studies show that with significant lifestyle changes, blood flow to the heart and its ability to pump normally improve in less than a month, and the frequency of chest pains fell by 90% in that time,” Ornish says.
“Within a year on our program, even severely blocked arteries in the heart became less blocked, and there was even more reversal after 5 years. That’s compared with ... other patients in our study, in which the heart just got worse and worse.”
What It Takes
Ornish's plan includes walking at least half an hour a day, or for an hour three times a week. Yoga, meditation, and stress reduction are also involved.
Diet may be the biggest thing you'd change. The shift will be drastic if you're used to a typical American diet.
“Just making moderate changes in your diet may be enough to prevent heart disease, but it won’t be enough to reverse it,” Ornish says.
He puts foods in five groups, ranging from healthiest to least healthy. To reverse heart disease, he says, means becoming a vegetarian. You'll fill your plate with fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, soy products, nonfat dairy, and egg whites, and you'll avoid fats, refined sugar, and processed carbs.
“You want to eat foods in their natural form as much as possible," Ornish says.
Of course, eating a healthy diet and being active are part of any heart health plan. You’ll also need to:
- Stick to a healthy weight
- Take all your medications
- Keep up with your doctor visits
- Not smoke or be around secondhand smoke
Is It Too Strict?
You’ll need to be really motivated to make those changes, and to make them last.
"You have to live a very strict lifestyle," says Lori Mosca, MD, director of preventive cardiology at New York-Presbyterian Hospital.
If you already have heart disease, Mosca emphasizes slowing it down through a healthy lifestyle that allows for more variety than Ornish's "reversal" plan.
“I don’t think that dietary approaches that are highly restrictive are sustainable," Mosca says.
She also avoids using the word "reversal."
"I wouldn’t say you can ‘reverse’ heart disease, because that implies you had something and now you don’t," she says. "You can’t cure heart disease, but you can slow its progression.”
Ornish agrees that if you're just trying to slow heart disease, you might have more freedom with your diet.
“If you need to reverse a life-threatening illness, you’re well-advised to live as much as you can on the healthiest end of the spectrum,” he says. “But if you’re just trying to stay healthy, it’s [unrealistic] to say, ‘Never eat certain foods.’ It’s much more sustainable to just move in a healthier direction.”
What if you slip up and eat a bacon cheeseburger or a doughnut? Get back on track.
“Forgive yourself and move on," Ornish says. “If you indulge one day, then eat healthy the next. If you don’t exercise one day, do more the next.”
In time, your new habits should feel more normal.
“We found that the more people changed their diet and lifestyle, the more they felt better," Ornish says. “The better you feel, the more you want to keep doing it."