What Are Oral Piercings?
An oral (mouth) piercing is a small hole in your tongue, lip, cheek, or uvula (the tiny tissue that hangs at the back of your throat) where you can wear jewelry.
Types of Oral Piercings
You can get a piercing on the inside of your mouth (intraoral) or the type that you can see outside of your mouth (perioral). Some common places include your:
Oral Piercing Risks and Complications
It's a way to express your style, but it can be dangerous. Your mouth is filled with bacteria that can lead to infection and swelling. A swollen tongue can make it hard for you to breathe. In some people with heart disease, bacteria can lead to a condition that can damage your heart valves.
Tongue piercings also can put you at risk for bleeding. You have a lot of blood vessels in the area.
The jewelry can cause issues, too. It can break off in your mouth and choke you. You can chip your teeth on it while you eat, sleep, talk, or chew on it. If the break goes deep into your tooth, you can lose it or need a root canal to fix it.
Mouth piercings also may:
- Make it hard to speak, chew, or swallow
- Damage your tongue, gums, or fillings
- Make you drool
- Make it hard for your dentist to take an X-ray of your teeth
- Lead to serious health problems, like gum disease, uncontrolled bleeding, a long-term infection, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C
- Lead to an allergic reaction to the metal in the jewelry
- Damage the nerves in your tongue, a condition that is usually brief but can sometimes be long-lasting
Because of these risks, the American Dental Association warns against oral piercings. And you especially shouldn't get one if you do things that would make it more likely to cause you trouble.
People with conditions that might make it hard for the piercing to heal are particularly at risk for health problems. Those include heart disease, diabetes, hemophilia, and autoimmune diseases.
Oral Piercing Safety
If you've decided to get an oral piercing, make sure you're up to date on vaccines for hepatitis B and tetanus.
Pick a piercing shop that appears clean and well-run. Look for a piercer who has a license, which means they were specially trained. The piercer should wash their hands with germ-killing soap, wear fresh disposable gloves, and use sterilized tools or ones that are thrown away after one use.
You'll want to make sure that:
- The piercer is happy to answer your questions.
- The people who work in the shop have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. (It's fine to ask.)
- The shop doesn't use a piercing gun.
- The needle is new and has never been used.
- The needle is placed in a sealed container after it's used.
- Jewelry is made of surgical steel, solid gold, or platinum.
Oral Piercing Care
Once you leave the shop, you'll need to make sure your piercing heals and doesn't get infected. Healing usually takes 3 to 4 weeks. During that time, you should:
- Rinse your tongue or lip piercing after every meal or snack and before bed. Use warm salt water or an antibacterial, alcohol-free mouthwash.
- Not kiss anyone while you heal. (Avoid contact with someone else's saliva.)
- Not share cups, plates, forks, knives, or spoons
- Eat small bites of healthy food.
- Not eat spicy, salty, or acidic foods and drinks
- Not have hot drinks, like coffee, tea, or hot chocolate
- Be gentle. Talk and chew carefully, and try not to click your jewelry against your teeth.
- Check every once in a while to make sure your jewelry is still tight to prevent swallowing or choking.
- Take out your jewelry while you play sports, and wear a mouthguard.
While the piercing heals, you should be able to remove the jewelry for short periods of time without the hole closing. If you get a tongue piercing, the piercer will start with a larger "barbell" to give your tongue room to heal as it swells. After the swelling goes down, dentists recommend that you replace the large barbell with a smaller one that's less likely to bother your teeth.
After your tongue has healed, take the jewelry out every night and brush it the way you brush your teeth. You might want to take it out before you go to sleep or do anything active.
When to Get Help
You can expect short-term symptoms like pain, swelling, and extra saliva.
Watch out for signs of infection such as:
If you have any of these, see a health care provider. Also, get help if you just feel that something isn't right.