BAY LEAF

OTHER NAME(S):

Bay, Bay Laurel, Bay Tree, Daphne, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, Laurel Común, Laurier d’Apollon, Laurier Noble, Laurier-Sauce, Laurier Vrai, Laurus nobilis, Mediterranean Bay, Noble Laurel, Roman Laurel, True Bay.<br/><br/>

Overview

Overview Information

Sweet bay is an herb. The Greeks made it famous by crowning their heroes with wreathes made out of sweet bay leaves. In addition to decorative use, the leaves and oil are used to make medicine.

Sweet bay is used to treat cancer and gas; stimulate bile flow; and cause sweating.

Some people apply sweet bay to the scalp for dandruff. It is also put on the skin for pain, especially muscle and joint pain (rheumatism).

The fruit and fatty oils of sweet bay are used on the skin to treat boils (furuncles) caused by infected hair follicles.

Veterinarians use sweet bay as an udder ointment.

In food, sweet bay is used as a seasoning in cooking and in processed foods.

In manufacturing, the oil is used in cosmetics, soaps, and detergents.

How does it work?

Sweet bay contains ingredients that might cause sleepiness and might act against some bacteria and fungi.

Uses

Uses & Effectiveness?

Insufficient Evidence for

More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of bay leaf for these uses.

Side Effects

Side Effects & Safety

Bay leaf and bay leaf oil is LIKELY SAFE for most people in food amounts. Ground bay leaf is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth in medicinal amounts, short-term. But, if you cook with whole bay leaf, be sure to remove it before eating the food. Taking the whole, intact leaf by mouth is LIKELY UNSAFE. The leaf can’t be digested, so it remains intact while passing through the digestive system. This means it can become lodged in the throat or pierce the lining of the intestines.

Special Precautions & Warnings:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking bay leaf if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Diabetes: Bay leaf might interfere with blood sugar control. Monitor blood sugar closely if you have diabetes and use bay leaf as a medicine.

Surgery: Bay leaf might slow down the central nervous system (CNS). There is a concern that it might slow down the CNS too much when combined with anesthesia and other medications used during and after surgery. Stop using bay leaf as a medicine at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions

Interactions?

Major Interaction

Do not take this combination

!

  • Medications for pain (Narcotic drugs) interacts with BAY LEAF

    The body breaks down some medications for pain to get rid of them. Sweet bay might decrease how fast the body gets rid of some medications for pain. By decreasing how fast the body gets rid of some medications for pain, sweet bay might increase the effects and side effects of some medications for pain.<br><nb>Some medications for pain include meperidine (Demerol), hydrocodone, morphine, OxyContin, and many others.

  • Sedative medications (CNS depressants) interacts with BAY LEAF

    Sweet bay might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Medications that cause sleepiness are called sedatives. Taking sweet bay along with sedative medications might cause too much sleepiness.<br><nb>Some sedative medications include clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), phenobarbital (Donnatal), zolpidem (Ambien), and others.

Dosing

Dosing

The appropriate dose of sweet bay depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for sweet bay. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

Previous:
Next: Uses

View References

REFERENCES:

  • Afifi, F. U., Khalil, E., Tamimi, S. O., and Disi, A. Evaluation of the gastroprotective effect of Laurus nobilis seeds on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;58(1):9-14. View abstract.
  • Al Hussaini, R. and Mahasneh, A. M. Microbial growth and quorum sensing antagonist activities of herbal plants extracts. Molecules. 2009;14(9):3425-3435. View abstract.
  • Amin, G., Sourmaghi, M. H., Jaafari, S., Hadjagaee, R., and Yazdinezhad, A. Influence of phenological stages and method of distillation on Iranian cultivated Bay leaves volatile oil. Pak.J Biol.Sci 9-1-2007;10(17):2895-2899. View abstract.
  • Awerbuck, D. C., Briant, T. D., and Wax, M. K. Bay leaf: an uncommon foreign body of the hypopharynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;110(3):338-340. View abstract.
  • Belitsos, N. J. Bay leaf impaction. Ann Intern Med 9-15-1990;113(6):483-484. View abstract.
  • Beljaars, P. R., Schumans, J. C., and Koken, P. J. Quantitative fluorodensitometric determination and survey of aflatoxins in nutmeg. J Assoc.Off Anal.Chem. 1975;58(2):263-271. View abstract.
  • Bell, C. D. and Mustard, R. A. Bay leaf perforation of Meckel's diverticulum. Can.J Surg 1997;40(2):146-147. View abstract.
  • Ben Amor, N., Bouaziz, A., Romera-Castillo, C., Salido, S., Linares-Palomino, P. J., Bartegi, A., Salido, G. M., and Rosado, J. A. Characterization of the intracellular mechanisms involved in the antiaggregant properties of cinnamtannin B-1 from bay wood in human platelets. J Med Chem. 8-9-2007;50(16):3937-3944. View abstract.
  • Bouaziz, A., Romera-Castillo, C., Salido, S., Linares-Palomino, P. J., Altarejos, J., Bartegi, A., Rosado, J. A., and Salido, G. M. Cinnamtannin B-1 from bay wood exhibits antiapoptotic effects in human platelets. Apoptosis. 2007;12(3):489-498. View abstract.
  • Brokaw, S. A. and Wonnell, D. M. Complications of bay leaf ingestion. JAMA 8-12-1983;250(6):729. View abstract.
  • Buto, S. K., Tsang, T. K., Sielaff, G. W., Gutstein, L. L., and Meiselman, M. S. Bay leaf impaction in the esophagus and hypopharynx. Ann Intern Med 7-1-1990;113(1):82-83. View abstract.
  • Caredda, A., Marongiu, B., Porcedda, S., and Soro, C. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and characterization of Laurus nobilis essential oil. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-13-2002;50(6):1492-1496. View abstract.
  • Chaudhry, N. M. and Tariq, P. Bactericidal activity of black pepper, bay leaf, aniseed and coriander against oral isolates. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2006;19(3):214-218. View abstract.
  • Cheminat, A., Stampf, J. L., and Benezra, C. Allergic contact dermatitis to laurel (Laurus nobilis L.): isolation and identification of haptens. Arch Dermatol Res 1984;276(3):178-181. View abstract.
  • Chericoni, S., Prieto, J. M., Iacopini, P., and Morelli, I. Essential oils of commonly used plants as inhibitors of peroxynitrite-induced tyrosine nitration. Fitoterapia 2005;76(5):481-483. View abstract.
  • Conforti, F., Statti, G., Uzunov, D., and Menichini, F. Comparative chemical composition and antioxidant activities of wild and cultivated Laurus nobilis L. leaves and Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum (Ucria) coutinho seeds. Biol.Pharm.Bull 2006;29(10):2056-2064. View abstract.
  • Dadalioglu, I. and Evrendilek, G. A. Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-29-2004;52(26):8255-8260. View abstract.
  • Dall'Acqua, S., Cervellati, R., Speroni, E., Costa, S., Guerra, M. C., Stella, L., Greco, E., and Innocenti, G. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Laurus nobilis L. leaf infusion. J Med Food 2009;12(4):869-876. View abstract.
  • Dall'Acqua, S., Viola, G., Giorgetti, M., Loi, M. C., and Innocenti, G. Two new sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of Laurus nobilis. Chem.Pharm.Bull (Tokyo) 2006;54(8):1187-1189. View abstract.
  • De Marino, S., Borbone, N., Zollo, F., Ianaro, A., Di Meglio, P., and Iorizzi, M. Megastigmane and phenolic components from Laurus nobilis L. leaves and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-15-2004;52(25):7525-7531. View abstract.
  • De Marino, S., Borbone, N., Zollo, F., Ianaro, A., Di Meglio, P., and Iorizzi, M. New sesquiterpene lactones from Laurus nobilis leaves as inhibitors of nitric oxide production. Planta Med 2005;71(8):706-710. View abstract.
  • Dearlove, R. P., Greenspan, P., Hartle, D. K., Swanson, R. B., and Hargrove, J. L. Inhibition of protein glycation by extracts of culinary herbs and spices. J Med Food 2008;11(2):275-281. View abstract.
  • Diaz-Maroto, M. C., Perez-Coello, M. S., and Cabezudo, M. D. Effect of drying method on the volatiles in bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.). J Agric.Food Chem. 7-31-2002;50(16):4520-4524. View abstract.
  • Erkmen, O. and Ozcan, M. M. Antimicrobial effects of Turkish propolis, pollen, and laurel on spoilage and pathogenic food-related microorganisms. J Med Food 2008;11(3):587-592. View abstract.
  • Erler, F., Ulug, I., and Yalcinkaya, B. Repellent activity of five essential oils against Culex pipiens. Fitoterapia 2006;77(7-8):491-494. View abstract.
  • Esteban, R., Jimenez, E. T., Jimenez, M. S., Morales, D., Hormaetxe, K., Becerril, J. M., and Garcia-Plazaola, J. I. Dynamics of violaxanthin and lutein epoxide xanthophyll cycles in Lauraceae tree species under field conditions. Tree Physiol 2007;27(10):1407-1414. View abstract.
  • Farkas, J. Perioral dermatitis from marjoram, bay leaf and cinnamon. Contact Dermatitis 1981;7(2):121. View abstract.
  • Ferreira, A., Proenca, C., Serralheiro, M. L., and Araujo, M. E. The in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Portugal. J Ethnopharmacol. 11-3-2006;108(1):31-37. View abstract.
  • Fraga, B. M., Cabrera, I., Reina, M., and Terrero, D. Two new sesquiterpenes from Laurus azorica. Z.Naturforsch.C 2001;56(7-8):503-505. View abstract.
  • Friedman, M., Henika, P. R., and Mandrell, R. E. Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. J Food Prot. 2002;65(10):1545-1560. View abstract.
  • Gomez-Coronado, D. J. and Barbas, C. Optimized and validated HPLC method for alpha- and gamma-tocopherol measurement in Laurus nobilis leaves. New data on tocopherol content. J Agric.Food Chem. 8-27-2003;51(18):5196-5201. View abstract.
  • Gomez-Coronado, D. J., Ibanez, E., Ruperez, F. J., and Barbas, C. Tocopherol measurement in edible products of vegetable origin. J Chromatogr.A 10-29-2004;1054(1-2):227-233. View abstract.
  • Goncalo, M. and Goncalo, S. Allergic contact dermatitis from Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter. Contact Dermatitis 1991;24(1):40-44. View abstract.
  • Gurbuz, I., Ustun, O., Yesilada, E., Sezik, E., and Akyurek, N. In vivo gastroprotective effects of five Turkish folk remedies against ethanol-induced lesions. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;83(3):241-244. View abstract.
  • Gurman, E. G., Bagirova, E. A., and Storchilo, O. V. [The effect of food and drug herbal extracts on the hydrolysis and transport of sugars in the rat small intestine under different experimental conditions]. Fiziol.Zh.SSSR Im I.M.Sechenova 1992;78(8):109-116. View abstract.
  • Hausen, B. M. A 6-year experience with compositae mix. Am J Contact Dermat. 1996;7(2):94-99. View abstract.
  • Hibasami, H., Yamada, Y., Moteki, H., Katsuzaki, H., Imai, K., Yoshioka, K., and Komiya, T. Sesquiterpenes (costunolide and zaluzanin D) isolated from laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) induce cell death and morphological change indicative of apoptotic chromatin condensation in leukemia HL-60 cells. Int J Mol.Med 2003;12(2):147-151. View abstract.
  • Hokwerda, H., Bos, R., Tattje, D. H., and Malingre, T. M. Composition of Essential Oils of Laurus nobilis, L. nobilis Var. angustifolia and Laurus azorica. Planta Med 1982;44(2):116-119. View abstract.
  • Jensen-Jarolim, E., Gajdzik, L., Haberl, I., Kraft, D., Scheiner, O., and Graf, J. Hot spices influence permeability of human intestinal epithelial monolayers. J Nutr. 1998;128(3):577-581. View abstract.
  • JIRASEK, L. and SKACH, M. [Perioral contact eczema with eczematous stomatitis after the use of bay leaves (Laurus nobilis L.) in food.]. Cesk.Dermatol 1962;37:18-21. View abstract.
  • Kaileh, M., Berghe, W. V., Boone, E., Essawi, T., and Haegeman, G. Screening of indigenous Palestinian medicinal plants for potential anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 9-25-2007;113(3):510-516. View abstract.
  • Kanat, M. and Alma, M. H. Insecticidal effects of essential oils from various plants against larvae of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Pest.Manag.Sci 2004;60(2):173-177. View abstract.
  • Kang, H. W., Yu, K. W., Jun, W. J., Chang, I. S., Han, S. B., Kim, H. Y., and Cho, H. Y. Isolation and characterization of alkyl peroxy radical scavenging compound from leaves of Laurus nobilis. Biol.Pharm.Bull 2002;25(1):102-108. View abstract.
  • Khan, A., Zaman, G., and Anderson, R. A. Bay leaves improve glucose and lipid profile of people with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem.Nutr. 2009;44(1):52-56. View abstract.
  • Kilic, A., Hafizoglu, H., Kollmannsberger, H., and Nitz, S. Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits of Laurus nobilis L. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-24-2004;52(6):1601-1606. View abstract.
  • Kivcak, B. and Mert, T. Preliminary evaluation of cytotoxic properties of Laurus nobilis leaf extracts. Fitoterapia 2002;73(3):242-243. View abstract.
  • Komiya, T., Yamada, Y., Moteki, H., Katsuzaki, H., Imai, K., and Hibasami, H. Hot water soluble sesquiterpenes [anhydroperoxy-costunolide and 3-oxoeudesma-1,4(15),11(13)triene-12,6alpha-olide] isolated from laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) induce cell death and morphological change indicative of apoptotic chromatin condensation in leukemia cells. Oncol.Rep. 2004;11(1):85-88. View abstract.
  • Lingenfelser, T., Adams, G., Solomons, D., and Marks, I. N. Bay leaf perforation of the small bowel in a patient with chronic calcific pancreatitis. J Clin.Gastroenterol. 1992;14(2):174-176. View abstract.
  • Liu, M. H., Otsuka, N., Noyori, K., Shiota, S., Ogawa, W., Kuroda, T., Hatano, T., and Tsuchiya, T. Synergistic effect of kaempferol glycosides purified from Laurus nobilis and fluoroquinolones on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biol.Pharm.Bull 2009;32(3):489-492. View abstract.
  • Lodovici, M., Akpan, V., Casalini, C., Zappa, C., and Dolara, P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Laurus nobilis leaves as a measure of air pollution in urban and rural sites of Tuscany. Chemosphere 1998;36(8):1703-1712. View abstract.
  • Loizzo, M. R., Saab, A. M., Tundis, R., Statti, G. A., Menichini, F., Lampronti, I., Gambari, R., Cinatl, J., and Doerr, H. W. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of seven Lebanon species. Chem.Biodivers. 2008;5(3):461-470. View abstract.
  • Loizzo, M. R., Tundis, R., Menichini, F., Saab, A. M., Statti, G. A., and Menichini, F. Cytotoxic activity of essential oils from labiatae and lauraceae families against in vitro human tumor models. Anticancer Res 2007;27(5A):3293-3299. View abstract.
  • Longo, L. and Vasapollo, G. Anthocyanins from bay (Laurus nobilis L.) berries. J Agric.Food Chem. 10-5-2005;53(20):8063-8067. View abstract.
  • Luna-Herrera, J., Costa, M. C., Gonzalez, H. G., Rodrigues, A. I., and Castilho, P. C. Synergistic antimycobacterial activities of sesquiterpene lactones from Laurus spp. J Antimicrob.Chemother. 2007;59(3):548-552. View abstract.
  • Maccioni, A. M., Anchisi, C., Sanna, A., Sardu, C., and Dessi, S. Preservative systems containing essential oils in cosmetic products. Int J Cosmet.Sci 2002;24(1):53-59. View abstract.
  • Marzouki, H., Khaldi, A., Chamli, R., Bouzid, S., Piras, A., Falconieri, D., and Marongiu, B. Biological activity evaluation of the oils from Laurus nobilis of Tunisia and Algeria extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Nat.Prod.Res 2009;23(3):230-237. View abstract.
  • Marzouki, H., Piras, A., Marongiu, B., Rosa, A., and Dessi, M. A. Extraction and separation of volatile and fixed oils from berries of Laurus nobilis L. by Supercritical CO2. Molecules. 2008;13(8):1702-1711. View abstract.
  • Matsuda, H., Kagerura, T., Toguchida, I., Ueda, H., Morikawa, T., and Yoshikawa, M. Inhibitory effects of sesquiterpenes from bay leaf on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: structure requirement and role of heat shock protein induction. Life Sci 4-21-2000;66(22):2151-2157. View abstract.
  • Matsuda, H., Shimoda, H., Ninomiya, K., and Yoshikawa, M. Inhibitory mechanism of costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Laurus nobilis, on blood-ethanol elevation in rats: involvement of inhibition of gastric emptying and increase in gastric juice secretion. Alcohol Alcohol 2002;37(2):121-127. View abstract.
  • Matsuda, H., Shimoda, H., Uemura, T., and Yoshikawa, M. Preventive effect of sesquiterpenes from bay leaf on blood ethanol elevation in ethanol-loaded rat: structure requirement and suppression of gastric emptying. Bioorg.Med Chem.Lett. 9-20-1999;9(18):2647-2652. View abstract.
  • Misharina, T. A. and Polshkov, A. N. [Antioxidant properties of essential oils: autoxidation of essential oils from laurel and fennel and effects of mixing with essential oil from coriander]. Prikl.Biokhim.Mikrobiol. 2005;41(6):693-702. View abstract.
  • Misharina, T. A., Terenina, M. B., and Krikunova, N. I. [Antioxidant properties of essential oils]. Prikl.Biokhim.Mikrobiol. 2009;45(6):710-716. View abstract.
  • Moreira, P. L., Lourencao, T. B., Pinto, J. P., and Rall, V. L. Microbiological quality of spices marketed in the city of Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Food Prot. 2009;72(2):421-424. View abstract.
  • Moteki, H., Hibasami, H., Yamada, Y., Katsuzaki, H., Imai, K., and Komiya, T. Specific induction of apoptosis by 1,8-cineole in two human leukemia cell lines, but not a in human stomach cancer cell line. Oncol.Rep. 2002;9(4):757-760. View abstract.
  • Nayak, S., Nalabothu, P., Sandiford, S., Bhogadi, V., and Adogwa, A. Evaluation of wound healing activity of Allamanda cathartica. L. and Laurus nobilis. L. extracts on rats. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2006;6:12. View abstract.
  • Otsuka, N., Liu, M. H., Shiota, S., Ogawa, W., Kuroda, T., Hatano, T., and Tsuchiya, T. Anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compounds isolated from Laurus nobilis. Biol.Pharm.Bull 2008;31(9):1794-1797. View abstract.
  • Ozcan, M. and Chalchat, J. C. Effect of different locations on the chemical composition of essential oils of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves growing wild in Turkey. J Med Food 2005;8(3):408-411. View abstract.
  • Ozcan, M. M., Sagdic, O., and Ozkan, G. Inhibitory effects of spice essential oils on the growth of Bacillus species. J Med Food 2006;9(3):418-421. View abstract.
  • Ozden, M. G., Oztas, P., Oztas, M. O., and Onder, M. Allergic contact dermatitis from Laurus nobilis (laurel) oil. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45(3):178. View abstract.
  • Palin, W. E. and Richardson, J. D. Complications from bay leaf ingestion. JAMA 2-11-1983;249(6):729-730. View abstract.
  • Papageorgiou, V., Mallouchos, A., and Komaitis, M. Investigation of the antioxidant behavior of air- and freeze-dried aromatic plant materials in relation to their phenolic content and vegetative cycle. J Agric.Food Chem. 7-23-2008;56(14):5743-5752. View abstract.
  • Pedro, L. G., Santos, P. A., da Silva, J. A., Figueiredo, A. C., Barroso, J. G., Deans, S. G., Looman, A., and Scheffer, J. J. Essential oils from Azorean Laurus azorica. Phytochemistry 2001;57(2):245-250. View abstract.
  • Puoci, F., Cirillo, G., Curcio, M., Iemma, F., Spizzirri, U. G., and Picci, N. Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for the selective HPLC determination of alpha-tocopherol in bay leaves. Anal.Chim.Acta 6-19-2007;593(2):164-170. View abstract.
  • Raharivelomanana, P. J., Terrom, G. P., Bianchini, J. P., and Coulanges, P. [Study of the antimicrobial action of various essential oils extracted from Malagasy plants. II: Lauraceae]. Arch Inst.Pasteur Madagascar 1989;56(1):261-271. View abstract.
  • Re, L. and Kawano, T. Effects of Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) on Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Mem.Inst.Oswaldo Cruz 1987;82 Suppl 4:315-320. View abstract.
  • Sangun, M. K., Aydin, E., Timur, M., Karadeniz, H., Caliskan, M., and Ozkan, A. Comparison of chemical composition of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves and fruits from different regions of Hatay, Turkey. J Environ.Biol. 2007;28(4):731-733. View abstract.
  • Sayyah, M., Valizadeh, J., and Kamalinejad, M. Anticonvulsant activity of the leaf essential oil of Laurus nobilis against pentylenetetrazole- and maximal electroshock-induced seizures. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(3):212-216. View abstract.
  • Simic, A., Sokovic, M. D., Ristic, M., Grujic-Jovanovic, S., Vukojevic, J., and Marin, P. D. The chemical composition of some Lauraceae essential oils and their antifungal activities. Phytother Res 2004;18(9):713-717. View abstract.
  • Simic, M., Kundakovic, T., and Kovacevic, N. Preliminary assay on the antioxidative activity of Laurus nobilis extracts. Fitoterapia 2003;74(6):613-616. View abstract.
  • Skok, P. Dried bay leaf: an unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Endoscopy 1998;30(3):S40-S41. View abstract.
  • Soylu, E. M., Soylu, S., and Kurt, S. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans. Mycopathologia 2006;161(2):119-128. View abstract.
  • Suganthi, R., Rajamani, S., Ravichandran, M. K., and Anuradha, C. V. Effect of food seasoning spices mixture on biomarkers of oxidative stress in tissues of fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats. J Med Food 2007;10(1):149-153. View abstract.
  • Tepkeeva, I. I., Moiseeva, E. V., Chaadaeva, A. V., Zhavoronkova, E. V., Kessler, Y. V., Semushina, S. G., and Demushkin, V. P. Evaluation of antitumor activity of peptide extracts from medicinal plants on the model of transplanted breast cancer in CBRB-Rb(8.17)1Iem mice. Bull Exp.Biol.Med 2008;145(4):464-466. View abstract.
  • Tilki, F. Influence of pretreatment and desiccation on the germination of Laurus nobilis L. seeds. J Environ.Biol. 2004;25(2):157-161. View abstract.
  • Tinoco, M. T., Ramos, P., and Candeias, M. F. Effects of a hexane extract from Laurus novocanariensis leaves on the ethanol metabolism of Wistar rats. Fitoterapia 2009;80(2):130-133. View abstract.
  • Traboulsi, A. F., El Haj, S., Tueni, M., Taoubi, K., Nader, N. A., and Mrad, A. Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Pest.Manag.Sci 2005;61(6):597-604. View abstract.
  • Tsang, T. K., Flais, M. J., and Hsin, G. Duodenal obstruction secondary to bay leaf impaction. Ann Intern Med 4-20-1999;130(8):701-702. View abstract.
  • Uchiyama, N., Matsunaga, K., Kiuchi, F., Honda, G., Tsubouchi, A., Nakajima-Shimada, J., and Aoki, T. Trypanocidal terpenoids from Laurus nobilis L. Chem.Pharm.Bull (Tokyo) 2002;50(11):1514-1516. View abstract.
  • Van der Veen, J. E., De Graaf, C., Van Dis, S. J., and Van Staveren, W. A. Determinants of salt use in cooked meals in The Netherlands: attitudes and practices of food preparers. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 1999;53(5):388-394. View abstract.
  • Verdian-rizi, M. and Hadjiakhoondi, A. Essential oil composition of Laurus nobilis L. of different growth stages growing in Iran. Z.Naturforsch.C 2008;63(11-12):785-788. View abstract.
  • Yalcin, H., Anik, M., Sanda, M. A., and Cakir, A. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of Laurus nobilis essential oil composition of northern Cyprus. J Med Food 2007;10(4):715-719. View abstract.
  • Yoshikawa, M., Shimoda, H., Uemura, T., Morikawa, T., Kawahara, Y., and Matsuda, H. Alcohol absorption inhibitors from bay leaf (Laurus nobilis): structure-requirements of sesquiterpenes for the activity. Bioorg.Med Chem. 2000;8(8):2071-2077. View abstract.
  • Adisen E, Onder M. Allergic contact dermatitis from Laurus nobilis oil induced by massage. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56:360-1. View abstract.
  • Belitsos NJ. Bay leaf impaction. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:483-4.
  • Bell CD, Mustar RA. Bay leaf perforation of Meckel's diverticulum. JCC 1997;40:146.
  • Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Insulin-like biological activity of culinary and medicinal plant aqueous extracts in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:849-52.. View abstract.
  • Brokaw SA. Complications of bay leaf ingestion [letter]. JAMA 1983;250:729.
  • Buto SK, Tsang TK, Sielaff GW, et al. Bay leaf impaction in the esophagus and hypopharynx. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:82-3.
  • Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9. View abstract.
  • Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional's Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.
  • Johns AN. Beware of the bay leaf. Br Med J 1980;281:1682.
  • Palin WE, Richardson JD. Complications from bay leaf ingestions. JAMA 1983;289:729-30.

Vitamins Survey

Have you ever purchased BAY LEAF?

Did you or will you purchase this product in-store or online?

Where did you or where do you plan to purchase this product?

Where did you or where do you plan to purchase this product?

What factors influenced or will influence your purchase? (check all that apply)

Vitamins Survey

Where did you or where do you plan to purchase this product?

Do you buy vitamins online or instore?

What factors are most important to you? (check all that apply)

Thanks for taking our survey!

Recommended For You

Vitamins and Minerals A-Z

More Resources for BAY LEAF

Search for another Vitamin

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2018.