Medical Reference Related to Brain Cancer

71. Summary of Evidence
    

    Note: Separate PDQ summaries on Neuroblastoma Treatment and Levels of Evidence for Cancer Screening and Prevention Studies are also available. Intervention Screening,usually at age 6 months,for urine vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid,which are metabolites of the hormones norepinephrine and dopamine. Benefits Based on solid evidence,screening for neuroblastoma does not lead to ...

72. Get More Information From NCI
    

    Sources of further information about Childhood Ependymoma Treatment.

73. Get More Information From NCI
    

    This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information on Adult Brain Tumors treatment.

74. Cellular Classification
    

    One clinicopathologic staging system involves evaluation of tumor specimens obtained prior to therapy for the amount of stromal development,the degree of neuroblastic maturation,and the mitosis-karyorrhexis index of the neuroblastic cells.[ 1,2 ] Favorable and unfavorable prognoses are defined on the bases of these histologic parameters and on patient age. The prognostic significance of this ...

75. Stages of Childhood Ependymoma
    

    After the childhood ependymoma has been removed,tests are done to find out if there is tumor remaining. The extent or spread of cancer is usually described as stages. For childhood ependymoma,tumors are described by grade and by where they are located in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The grade of the tumor refers to how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope ...

76. General Information About Childhood Brain Stem Glioma
    

    Childhood brain stem glioma is a disease in which benign (noncancer) or malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the brain stem. The brain stem is the part of the brain connected to the spinal cord. It is located in the lowest part of the brain,just above the back of the neck. The brain stem is the part of the brain that controls breathing,heart rate,and nerves and muscles used in ...

77. Questions or Comments About This Summary
    

    If you have questions or comments about this summary,please send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site’s Contact Form. We can respond only to email messages written in English. ...

78. Treatment Option Overview
    

    Note: Some citations in the text of this section are followed by a level of evidence. The PDQ editorial boards use a formal ranking system to help the reader judge the strength of evidence linked to the reported results of a therapeutic strategy. (Refer to the PDQ summary on Levels of Evidence for more information.) Because of the diffuse nature of central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas,...

79. Get More Information From NCI
    

    Sources of further information about Childhood Brain Stem Glioma Treatment.

80. Oligodendroglial Tumors
    

    Oligodendroglial Oligodendrogliomas (World Health Organization grade II) behave much like diffuse astrocytomas. (Refer to the Oligodendroglial tumors section in the classification section of this summary for more information.) STANDARD TREATMENT OPTIONS: Surgery plus radiation therapy; however,some controversy exists concerning the timing of radiation therapy. A study of 300 patients who had ...