Migraines may be triggered by food, stress, and changes in your daily routine or environment.

The most common migraine triggers are:

• Stress (either during a stressful time or right after stress subsides).
• Menstrual cycle in women.
• Too much or too little sleep.
• Fasting or skipping meals.
• Changes in barometric pressure and weather.
• Bright light or reflected sunlight.
• Foods such as chocolate.
• Excessive caffeine or caffeine withdrawal.
• Smoking or being around someone who smokes.

Other migraine triggers include:

• Strong emotions, such as depression or anxiety.
• Physical exercise.
• Alcohol, such as red wine and port.
• Aspartame, an artificial sweetener that is found in diet sodas, light yogurts, and other sugar-free foods.
• Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a seasoning that is often found in Chinese food, meats, and other foods.
• Nitrates, which are found in cured meats such as hot dogs, bacon, and cold cuts.
• Tyramines, which are found in pickled or marinated foods, aged cheeses, and yeast.
• Birth control pills and hormone therapy.
• Certain medications, especially those that dilate blood vessels.
• Overuse of headache pain medications, leading to rebound headaches.
• Bright lights, glare, reflected sunlight, or other intense visual stimuli.
• Odors such as perfume, paint, dust, and certain flowers.

Keeping a headache diary can seem tedious and unnecessary. But by tracking your daily activities, what you eat and drink, and environmental factors, you may uncover a pattern to your headaches and identify easy ways to avoid future migraines. Simply put, when you know and avoid your migraine triggers, you should experience fewer migraines. This will ultimately improve your quality of life and reduce the frequency of your migraine attacks.

To identify and avoid headache triggers:

• Keep a headache diary. This may help identify migraine triggers such as foods, activities, weather conditions, and the general state of your health. If you suffer only occasional migraines, you may want to report on what you ate or drank or what the weather conditions were when a headache occurred. If you suffer from at least one headache a month, you may want to keep a daily headache diary. It may take only a few months before you can identify your migraine triggers. See an example of a headache diary(What is a PDF document?).
• Get regular exercise. If you do experience a migraine while exercising, write down the activity you were doing, the weather, and what you ate that day.
• Keep regular sleep patterns. Sleeping too much or too little can trigger migraines. If you do notice that you experience a migraine when your sleep pattern has been interrupted, this may be a trigger that you are able to control.
• Watch what you eat. Many foods, such as cheese, red wine, chocolate, and caffeine have been identified as migraine triggers. If you get a migraine, be sure to write down the foods and beverages you have eaten before the headache started.
• Eat regularly. Fasting is a known cause of migraine attacks in many people and a trigger that you can identify and control by eating regular meals and frequent snacks.
• Manage your stress as best you can. Many people report getting a migraine after a stressful event is over. You may not be able to control stressful events, but you may be able to control your response to those events. Relaxation exercises or biofeedback may help reduce your stress level.

There are many other migraine triggers that you will not be able to control, such as weather changes, hormonal changes (for example, during pregnancy or menstrual cycles), or seeing reflected sunlight or bright lights. However, knowing that these things trigger your migraines may help you have a treatment plan in place when you do experience these triggers. Recognizing when you have been exposed to a trigger may also allow you to begin abortive treatment at the first signs of a migraine.

Now that you have read this information, you are ready to start identifying and avoiding migraine triggers.

Talk with your doctor

If you have questions about this information, take it with you when you visit your doctor. You may want to use a highlighter to mark areas or make notes in the margins of pages where you have questions.

Take your headache diary with you when you visit your doctor. Be sure to let your doctor know if you are noticing changes in your symptoms.

Talk with your doctor about what might be triggers for you. Discuss ways you can avoid those triggers.

Online Resource

Organization