Physical changes after childbirth

After childbirth (postpartum period), your body goes through numerous changes, some of which continue for several weeks during your postpartum period. Like pregnancy, postpartum changes are different for every woman.

• Shrinking of the uterus to its prepregnancy size (uterine involution) starts when the placenta is delivered and continues for about 2 months. Within 24 hours, the uterus is about the size it was at 20 weeks of pregnancy, and after 1 week, it is half the size it was when you went into labor. By 6 weeks after delivery, the uterus is nearly as small as it was before pregnancy.¹⁰
• Contractions called afterpains shrink the uterus for several days after childbirth. These sharp pains are usually not as problematic after a first childbirth as they are after later deliveries. Afterpains typically improve during the third day.
• Sore muscles (especially in the arms, neck, or jaw) are common after childbirth. This is a result of the hard work of labor and should go away in a few days. You may also have bloodshot eyes or facial bruising from vigorous pushing.
• Difficulty with urination and bowel movements (elimination problems) can occur for several days after childbirth. Drink plenty of fluids and use stool softeners, if necessary.
• Postpartum bleeding (lochia) may last for 2 to 4 weeks and can come and go for about 2 months.
• Recovery from an episiotomy or perineal tear in the area between the vagina and anus can take several weeks. You can ease the pain with home treatment, including ice, pain medication, and sitz baths. Pain, discomfort, and numbness around the vagina are common after any vaginal birth.
• Breast engorgement is common between the third and fourth days after delivery, when the breasts begin to fill with milk. This can cause breast discomfort and swelling. Placing ice packs on your breasts, taking a hot shower, or using warm compresses may relieve the discomfort of engorgement. For more information, see the topic Breast Engorgement.
• Recovery from pelvic bone problems, such as separated pubic bones (pubic symphysis) or a fractured tailbone (coccyx), can take several months. Treatment includes ice, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and sometimes physical therapy.

Call your health professional if you are concerned about any of your postpartum symptoms. For more information, see the When to Call a Doctor section of this topic.

Coping during the postpartum period

When you have returned home, you may find it a challenge to meet the increased demands on your limited energy and time. Take it easy on yourself. Pause for a moment and think of what you need. Tips for coping during the postpartum period include accepting help from others, eating well and drinking plenty of fluids, getting rest whenever you can, limiting visitors, getting some time to yourself, and seeking the company of other women with new babies.

Postpartum depression