Understanding Kidney Disease -- the Basics

What Causes Chronic Kidney Disease? continued...

A severe infection within the kidneys themselves, called pyelonephritis, can lead to scarring as the infection heals. Multiple episodes can lead to kidney damage.

Inflammation in the tiny filters (glomeruli) within the kidneys; this can happen after strep infection and other conditions of unknown cause. 

Polycystic kidney disease, in which fluid-filled cysts form in the kidneys over time. This is the most common form of inherited kidney disease.

Congenital defects, present at birth, are often the result of a urinary tract obstruction or malformation that affects the kidneys. One of the most common involves a valve-like mechanism between the bladder and urethra. These defects, sometimes found while a baby is still in the womb, can often be surgically repaired by a urologist.

Drugs and toxins, including long-term exposure to some medications and chemicals; overuse of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen; and use of intravenous “street” drugs.