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Understanding Pancreatic Cancer - Diagnosis & Treatment
How Is Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed?
To diagnose pancreatic cancer, a doctor orders imaging tests like sonograms and CT scans of the abdomen. If necessary, detailed images are obtained by inserting an endoscope through the mouth to the pancreas, injecting dye, then taking X-rays. A tissue sample for biopsy can also be extracted through the scope. If a biopsy confirms cancer, further tests are done to determine how far the disease has advanced. Laparoscopy, in which a small tube that has a small video camera and light source is introduced into the abdominal cavity, may be used. Sometimes exploratory surgery is necessary so the surgeon can study the tumor directly, determine if nearby lymph nodes are cancerous, and take tissue samples for microscopic examination.
What Are the Treatments for Pancreatic Cancer?
Pancreatic cancer is very hard to control. But if it is caught early and the cancer hasn't spread beyond the pancreas, it can be cured with surgery. If possible, the surgeon removes the malignant tumor, leaving as much of the pancreas as possible to allow continued function. Less often, the entire pancreas must be removed. Then the patient must have a lifelong regimen of replacement enzymes and hormones, including insulin.
Unfortunately, pancreatic cancers have subtle symptoms and thus the disease is often diagnosed after it has advanced and spread. However, even at the later stage, treatment can improve the quality of life by controlling uncomfortable symptoms and complications of the disease.
Depending on the type of pancreatic cancer, patients may also be given radiation or chemotherapy treatments, either after surgery in an effort to extend survival time, or as a means of relieving symptoms. Exocrine cell cancer responds best to radiation, sometimes in combination with chemotherapy, while endocrine cell cancer responds best to chemotherapy. Prescription medications, usually including narcotics, are given to help manage the pain that is common with advanced pancreatic cancer.
How Can I Prevent Pancreatic Cancer?
Pancreatic cancer is not easily prevented, but you can take measures to reduce your risk. If you work around petroleum products, take precautions to avoid unnecessary exposure to both materials and fumes. And if you smoke, quit now.
WebMD Medical Reference
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