Many different drugs are used to treat cancer pain. If you are already taking pain medicine for another problem, tell your doctor how often you are taking it and how well it works.

The key to controlling cancer pain is to take your medicine on a regular schedule. Do not wait until your pain gets bad. Pain is easier to control when you treat it just after it starts. Painkilling drugs work to control cancer pain in most people.²

Nonprescription drugs

Drugs you can buy without a prescription may be enough to relieve your pain at times. Acetaminophen, such as Tylenol or Panadol, relieves pain. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin, relieve pain and also decrease swelling.

Know how to be careful with these drugs. If you have had kidney or liver disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, or a stomach ulcer, talk to your doctor before you take any of these drugs.

Prescription drugs

People with cancer pain often need stronger drugs that their doctors prescribe. Be sure to follow your doctor's orders when you take these stronger drugs. If you still have pain, call your doctor.

Prescription drugs may be used alone or with other drugs. Depending on your pain, some of these drugs work better than others. Prescription drugs include:

• Anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids (for example, prednisone or dexamethasone). Corticosteroids used to treat cancer and cancer pain are not the same as steroids used by body builders.
• Narcotic painkillers, such as hydrocodone (for example, Vicodin), oxycodone (for example, Percocet), morphine, methadone, and fentanyl.
• Bisphosphonates, such as pamidronate and zoledronic acid. These are used to treat bone pain. Cancer cells that have spread to the bone upset the normal activity of your bone cells. These drugs slow the bone changes related to cancer. This relieves pain and helps keep your bones from breaking.
• Calcitonin may help with certain types of pain, such as phantom pain.² Phantom pain is a feeling of pain or other uncomfortable sensations in body parts that are no longer there, such as after an amputation. Although the limb is gone, the nerve endings at the site of the amputation continue to send pain signals to the brain that make the brain think the limb is still there. Women who have had a breast removed because of breast cancer may also feel phantom pain.
• Mouthwashes to relieve pain from mouth sores (mucositis).
• Antidepressants, to relieve pain and help you sleep.
• Anticonvulsants, to help control nerve pain like burning and tingling.
• Skin creams, such as capsaicin cream or lidocaine, to help relieve pain in the skin and surrounding tissues.
• Chemotherapy, to shrink the cancer that is causing pain. The type of chemotherapy that you receive depends on your cancer diagnosis, the area of your body affected, and your previous use of chemotherapy drugs.