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Kawasaki Disease - Topic Overview
What is Kawasaki disease?
Kawasaki disease is a rare childhood illness that affects the blood vessels. The symptoms can be severe for several days and can look scary to parents. This disease tends to be severe for several days, but then most children return to normal activities.
Kawasaki disease can harm the coronary arteries, which carry blood to the heart. Most children who are treated recover from the disease without long-term problems. Your doctor will watch your child for heart problems for a few weeks to a few months after treatment.
The disease is most common in children ages 1 to 2 years and is less common in children older than age 8. It does not spread from child to child (is not contagious).
What causes Kawasaki disease?
Experts don't know what causes the disease. It may be caused by infection from a virus or bacteria. The disease happens most often in the late winter and early spring.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of Kawasaki disease include:
- A fever lasting at least 5 days.
- Red eyes.
- A body rash.
- Swollen, red lips and tongue.
- Swollen, red feet and hands.
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
Get medical help right away if your child has symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can often prevent future heart problems.
How is Kawasaki disease diagnosed?
Kawasaki disease can be hard to diagnose because there is not a test for it. Your doctor may diagnose Kawasaki disease if both of these things are true:
- Your child has a fever that lasts at least 5 days.
- Your child has four of the other five symptoms listed above.
After your child gets better, he or she will need checkups to watch for heart problems.
How is it treated?
Treatment for Kawasaki disease starts in the hospital. It may include:
- Immunoglobulin (IVIG) medicine. This is given through a vein (intravenous, or IV) to reduce inflammation of the blood vessels.
- Aspirin to help pain and fever and to lower the risk of blood clots.
Aspirin therapy is often continued at home. Because of the risk of Reye syndrome, do not give aspirin to your child without talking to your doctor. If your child is exposed to or develops chickenpox or flu (influenza) while taking aspirin, talk with your doctor right away.
How serious is Kawasaki disease?
Most children with Kawasaki disease get better and have no long-term problems. Treatment is important because it shortens the illness and reduces the chances of problems.
Some children who are not treated will have damage to the coronary arteries. An artery may get too large and form an aneurysm. Or the arteries may narrow or develop blood clots. A child who has damaged coronary arteries may be more likely to have a heart attack as a young adult.
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WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise
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