Choosing an OTC Pain Reliever: What to Consider
Risks Depend on the Drug and Your Health
OTC Pain Reliever Types
Age Can Affect Pain Reliever Safety
Drinks and Pain Relievers
Pain Relievers Affect Blood Pressure
Stomachs Can Be Sensitive
Pain Relievers Can Overwork Kidneys
How Healthy Is Your Heart?
Read Labels to Know Your Medicine
Liver Dangers With Pain Relievers
Pregnancy and Pain Relief
Drug Interactions
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REFERENCES:
The American College of Gastroenterology: "The Dangers of Aspirin & NSAIDs."
The University of Chicago: "Treatment and Therapy – Pain Medication."
WebMD Medical Reference: "Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers."
Family Doctor.org: "Fever in Infants and Children."
The Merck Manual of Geriatrics: "Considerations for Effective Pharmacotherapy," "Introduction: Over-the-Counter Drugs."
MedicineNet: "Tip Sheet: Ulcers and Pain Relievers."
WebMD News: "Painkiller Risk: High Blood Pressure."
MedicineNet: "Ibuprofen," "Drug-Induced Liver Disease," "Acetaminophen."
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology: "GI Risk and Risk Factors of NSAIDs."
The New York Times: "When Pain Relievers Cause Bleeding."
Johns Hopkins Health Alert: NSAIDs and the Risk of Stomach Woes."
The American Journal of Medicine: "NSAID Use and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease."
American Family Physician: "Acute Renal Failure," "Preventive Strategies in Chronic Liver Disease: Part 1," "Clinically Significant Drug Interactions."
National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC): "Analgesic Nephropathy (Painkillers and the Kidneys)."
ScienceDaily: "Most NSAIDs Raise Risk of Death After Heart Attack."
Harvard Health Publications: "Cardiovascular Side Effects of NSAID Painkillers."
Mayo Clinic: "Daily Aspirin Therapy: Understand the Benefits and Risks." "Aspirin Allergy: What are the Symptoms?" Mayo Clinic: "Cough and Cold Combinations."
FDA.
Nielsen G. British Medical Journal, 2001; vol 322: pp 266-27.
American College of Rheumatology: "NSAIDs."
Isenberg, D. Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, Oxford University Press, 2004.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: "Reye Syndrome."
UpToDate: "Nonselective NSAIDs: Adverse cardiovascular effects."
American Heart Association: Circulation: "Use of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs : An Update for Clinicians: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association."