BLACK RICE: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Overview

Black rice is a type of rice (Oryza sativa L) native to East Asia. It contains high amounts of certain antioxidants called anthocyanins, which make it black.

There are over 200 different varieties of black rice. They've been consumed throughout East Asia for thousands of years. The high levels of antioxidants in black rice might help reduce swelling.

People use black rice for aging, hay fever, heart disease, obesity, physical performance in older adults, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Don't confuse black rice with rice bran, rice protein, brown rice, or red yeast rice. These are not the same.

Uses & Effectiveness ?

We currently have no information for BLACK RICE overview.

Side Effects

Special Precautions and Warnings

When taken by mouth: Black rice is commonly consumed in foods. It is possibly safe when used in larger amounts as medicine. Black rice extract, as well as black rice germ and bran powder, have been used safely.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding : Black rice is commonly consumed in foods. But there isn't enough reliable information to know if black rice is safe to use in larger amounts as medicine when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.

Interactions ?

We currently have no information for BLACK RICE overview.

Dosing

Black rice is commonly consumed in foods. As medicine, there isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of black rice might be. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult a healthcare professional before using.

View References

REFERENCES:

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Abdel-moemin AR. Switching to black rice diets modulates low-density lipoprotein oxidation and lipid measurements in rabbits. Am J Med Sci. 2011;341(4):318-24. View abstract.

Choi SP, Kang MY, Koh HJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. Antiallergic activities of pigmented rice bran extracts in cell assays. J Food Sci. 2007;72(9):S719-26. View abstract.

Goufo P, Trindade H. Rice antioxidants: phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tocopherols, tocotrienols, ?-oryzanol, and phytic acid. Food Sci Nutr. 2014;2(2):75-104. View abstract.

Guo H, Ling W, Wang Q, et al. Effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) on hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2007;62(1):1-6. View abstract.

Higashi-okai K, Ishida E, Nakamura Y, Fujiwara S, Okai Y. Potent antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities of traditional Japanese cereal grains. J UOEH. 2008;30(4):375-89. View abstract.

Hou Z, Qin P, Ren G. Effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) on chronically alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(5):3191-6. View abstract.

Hu C, Zawistowski J, Ling W, Kitts DD. Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) pigmented fraction suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in chemical and biological model systems. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(18):5271-7. View abstract.

Hui C, Bin Y, Xiaoping Y, et al. Anticancer activities of an anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(8):1128-36. View abstract.

Ichikawa H, Ichiyanagi T, Xu B, Yoshii Y, Nakajima M, Konishi T. Antioxidant activity of anthocyanin extract from purple black rice. J Med Food. 2001;4(4):211-218. View abstract.

Jang HH, Park MY, Kim HW, et al. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extract attenuates hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet via fatty acid oxidation. Nutr Metab. 2012;9(1):27. View abstract.

Jang WS, Seo CR, Jang HH, et al. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) extracts induce osteoblast differentiation and protect against bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Food Funct. 2015;6(1):265-75. View abstract.

Jia H, Chen W, Yu X, et al. Black rice anthocyanidins prevent retinal photochemical damage via involvement of the AP-1/NF-?B/Caspase-1 pathway in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Vet Sci. 2013;14(3):345-53. View abstract.

Jiang X, Guo H, Shen T, Tang X, Yang Y, Ling W. Cyanidin-3-O-ß-glucoside purified from black rice protects mice against hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride via inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation. J Agric Food Chem. 2015;63(27):6221-30. View abstract.

Joo SH, Hahn C, Lim HK, Yoon KD, Yoon SH, Lee CU. An exploration of the Oryza sativa L. cyanidin-3-glucoside on the cognitive function in older adults with subjective memory impairment. Psychiatry Investig. 2019;16(10):759-65. doi: 10.30773/pi.2019.06.17. View abstract.

Jung AJ, Sharma A, Lee SH, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Lee HJ. Efficacy of black rice extract on obesity in obese postmenopausal women: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled preliminary clinical trial. Menopause 2021;28(12):1391-1399. View abstract.

Kim HM, Kang CS, Lee EH, Shin TY. The evaluation of the antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L. subsp. hsien Ting in rats. Pharmacol Res. 1999;40(1):31-6. View abstract.

Lee CY, Lee MJ, Kim JM, et al. Oryza sativa L. extracts inhibit nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in murine macrophage cells and lungs of antigen-challenged allergic mice. Int J Phytomedicine. 2015;7:1-7.

Lee SH, Choi SM, Sohn YS, Kang KK, Yoo M. Effect of Oryza sativa extract on the progression of airway inflammation and remodeling in an experimental animal model of asthma. Planta Med. 2006;72(5):405-10. View abstract.

Lee SH, Sohn YS, Kang KK, Kwon JW, Yoo M. Inhibitory effect of DA-9201, an extract of Oryza sativa L., on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mouse asthma model. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(6):1148-53. View abstract.

Lee YM, Han SI, Won YJ, et al. Black rice with giant embryo attenuates obesity-associated metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2016;64(12):2492-7. View abstract.

Lim WC, Ho JN, Lee HS, Cho HY. Germinated waxy black rice suppresses weight gain in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Med Food. 2016;19(4):410-7. View abstract.

Ling WH, Cheng QX, Ma J, Wang T. Red and black rice decrease atherosclerotic plaque formation and increase antioxidant status in rabbits. J Nutr. 2001;131(5):1421-6. View abstract.

Ling WH, Wang LL, Ma J. Supplementation of the black rice outer layer fraction to rabbits decreases atherosclerotic plaque formation and increases antioxidant status. J Nutr. 2002;132(1):20-6. View abstract.

Liu H, Huang L, Pei X. Effects of sorghum rice and black rice on genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice liver and intestine. Food Sci Nutr 2020;9(1):217-229. View abstract.

Lu X, Zhou Y, Wu T, Hao L. Ameliorative effect of black rice anthocyanin on senescent mice induced by D-galactose. Food Funct. 2014;5(11):2892-7. View abstract.

Meng F, Wei Y, Yang X. Iron content and bioavailability in rice. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2005;18(4):333-8. View abstract.

Min SW, Ryu SN, Kim DH. Anti-inflammatory effects of black rice, cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glycoside, and its metabolites, cyanidin and protocatechuic acid. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010;10(8):959-66. View abstract.

Salgado JM, Oliveira AG, Mansi DN, Donado-pestana CM, Bastos CR, Marcondes FK. The role of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the control of hypercholesterolemia in rats. J Med Food. 2010;13(6):1355-62. View abstract.

Sangkitikomol W, Tencomnao T, Rocejanasaroj A. Effects of Thai black sticky rice extract on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism gene expression in HepG2 cells. Genet Mol Res. 2010;9(4):2086-95. View abstract.

Seesen M, Semmarath W, Yodkeeree S, et al. Combined black rice germ, bran supplement and exercise intervention modulate aging biomarkers and improve physical performance and lower-body muscle strength parameters in aging population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2931. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082931. View abstract.

Song H, Shen X, Zhou Y, Zheng X. Black rice anthocyanins alleviate hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis and insulin resistance by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese mice. Food Funct 2021;12(20):10160-10170. View abstract.

Tonchaiyaphum P, Arpornchayanon W, Khonsung P, Chiranthanut N, Pitchakarn P, Kunanusorn P. Gastroprotective Activities of Ethanol Extract of Black Rice Bran (Oryza sativa L.) in Rats. Molecules 2021;26(13):3812. View abstract.

Um MY, Ahn J, Ha TY. Hypolipidaemic effects of cyanidin 3-glucoside rich extract from black rice through regulating hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities. J Sci Food Agric. 2013;93(12):3126-8. View abstract.

Vitalini S, Sardella A, Fracassetti D, et al. Polyphenol Bioavailability and Plasma Antiradical Capacity in Healthy Subjects after Acute Intake of Pigmented Rice: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2020;9(10):3209. View abstract.

Wang Q, Han P, Zhang M, et al. Supplementation of black rice pigment fraction improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in patients with coronary heart disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16 Suppl 1:295-301. View abstract.

Xia M, Ling WH, Ma J, Kitts DD, Zawistowski J. Supplementation of diets with the black rice pigment fraction attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein e deficient mice. J Nutr. 2003;133(3):744-51. View abstract.

Xia X, Ling W, Ma J, et al. An anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice enhances atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Nutr. 2006;136(8):2220-5. View abstract.

Yang Y, Andrews MC, Hu Y, et al. Anthocyanin extract from black rice significantly ameliorates platelet hyperactivity and hypertriglyceridemia in dyslipidemic rats induced by high fat diets. J Agric Food Chem. 2011;59(12):6759-64. View abstract.

Yao SL, Xu Y, Zhang YY, Lu YH. Black rice and anthocyanins induce inhibition of cholesterol absorption in vitro. Food Funct. 2013;4(11):1602-8. View abstract.

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.

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