Drugs for Migraine and Headache Pain

Usually, the first migraine and headache drugs recommended by doctors are pain relievers. Many of these medications are available over-the-counter, without a doctor's prescription. Other headache drugs require a prescription. When taking these headache drugs, avoid excessive caffeine-containing products and other over-the-counter headache medications. Any medication containing barbiturates (butalbital) or narcotics (codeine) should be used sparingly.

Note: if symptomatic relief medications are used more than twice a week, you should see your doctor who can prescribe preventive headache medications. Overuse of symptomatic medications can actually cause more frequent headaches or worsen headache symptoms.

Medications for relief of migraine or headache symptoms include:

Tips for Using Over-the-Counter Headache Pain Relievers

Over-the-counter pain relievers have been demonstrated to be safe when used as directed. But, keep the following precautions in mind:

• Know the active ingredients in each product. Be sure to read the entire label.
• Do not exceed the recommended dosage on the package.
• Carefully consider how you use pain-relievers and all medications: it is easy to over-medicate yourself.
• Check with your doctor before taking products containing, aspirin (Excedrin), ibuprofen (Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) if: you have a bleeding problem; asthma; recently had surgery or dental surgery or are about to have surgery; have ulcers, kidney or liver disorders; take any other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen.
• Check with your doctor before taking acetaminophen-containing products (Tylenol) if you have kidney or liver problems.

Reviewed by The Cleveland Clinic Neuroscience Center.