Tricyclic Antidepressants for Bipolar Disorder

Medically Reviewed by Smitha Bhandari, MD on August 12, 2022
1 min read

Older tricyclic antidepressants used for treating bipolar disorder may be more likely to trigger a manic episode or rapid cycling than other depression drugs. They also tend to have more side effects than newer generation antidepressants, and can be especially dangerous in overdose. Nowadays, tricyclic antidepressants are often prescribed for conditions other than depression, such as neuropathic pain, migraine headaches, insomnia, or irritable bowel syndrome.

Like all antidepressants, experts recommend against taking a tricyclic medication without a mood stabilizer (such as lithium or divalproex) in bipolar I disorder, in order to minimize the chance of inducing mania symptoms.

Tricyclic antidepressants include:

Tricyclic antidepressants work by increasing activity of the brain chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine, which scientists believe play a role in brain circuits that regulate mood. However, they may sometimes increase the risk of mania or rapid cycling -- as well as possibly cause or worsen certain kinds of heart rhythm problems. They are also hazardous and potentially fatal in overdose.  For those reasons, these drugs are used less often in general, and recommended less frequently in people with bipolar disorder.

 

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SOURCES:
WebMD Medical Reference with The Cleveland Clinic: "Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive Disorder)." WebMD Assess Plus: Bipolar Disorder Assessment. National Institute for Mental Health: "Step-BD Womens Studies." Massachusetts General Hospital Bipolar Clinic & Research Program. MedicineNet.com: "Bipolar Disorder (Mania)." WebMD Medical Reference with The Cleveland Clinic: "Effects of Untreated Depression." American Psychiatric Association: "Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Bipolar Disorder."

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