Overview
"Good" bacteria such as B. breve can help break down food, absorb nutrients, and fight off "bad" organisms that might cause diseases. B. breve is commonly found in the gut of breastfed infants and in the vagina.
People use B. breve for age-related decline in memory and thinking, blood infections, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. There is also no good evidence to support using B. breve for COVID-19.
Don't confuse B. breve with other probiotics, or with fermented food products such as fermented milk, kefir, or yogurt. These are not the same.
Uses & Effectiveness ?
Possibly Ineffective for
- Decline in memory and thinking skills that occurs normally with age. Taking B. breve by mouth doesn't seem to improve memory and thinking skills in older adults.
- Blood infection (sepsis). Adding B. breve to infant formula doesn't prevent sepsis in premature babies.
Side Effects
Special Precautions and Warnings
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if B. breve is safe to use while pregnant or breast-feeding. But there's no reason to expect safety concerns when used appropriately under medical supervision.
Children: B. breve is likely safe for healthy children when taken by mouth for up to one year. There have been cases of blood infection with B. breve in critically ill babies, but these cases are rare.
Weakened immune system: B breve has caused blood infections in a small number of people with weakened immune systems. If you have a weakened immune system, talk with your healthcare provider before taking B. breve.
Blockage in the intestines: B. breve has caused blood infections in a small number of infants who have had stomach surgery. Because the intestines became blocked, the bacteria might have crossed into the blood stream. Use cautiously or avoid in infants with blockages in the intestines.
Interactions ?
We currently have no information for BIFIDOBACTERIUM BREVE overview.
Dosing
Araya-Kojima Tomoko, Yaeshima Tomoko Ishibashi Norio Shimamura Seiichi Hayasawa Hirotoshi. Inhibitory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on Harmful Intestinal Bacteria. Bifidobacteria Microflora 1995;14(2):59-66.
Bennet, R., Nord, C. E., and Zetterstrom, R. Transient colonization of the gut of newborn infants by orally administered bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Acta Paediatr. 1992;81(10):784-787. View abstract.
Arunachalam K, Gill HS, Chandra RK. Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019). Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:263-7. View abstract.
Athalye-Jape G, Minaee N, Nathan E, et al. Outcomes in preterm small versus appropriate for gestation infants after Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V supplementation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(13):2209-2215. View abstract.
Bibiloni R, Fedorak RN, Tannock GW, et al. VSL#3 probiotic-mixture induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1539-46. View abstract.
Bozzi Cionci N, Baffoni L, Gaggìa F, Di Gioia D. Therapeutic microbiology: The role of Bifidobacterium breve as food supplement for the prevention/treatment of paediatric diseases. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1723. View abstract.
Chen RM, Wu JJ, Lee SC, et al. Increase of intestinal Bifidobacterium and suppression of coliform bacteria with short-term yogurt ingestion. J Dairy Sci 1999:82:2308-14. View abstract.
Costeloe K, Hardy P, Juszczak E, Wilks M, Millar MR; Probiotics in Preterm Infants Study Collaborative Group. Bifidobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Feb 13;387(10019):649-60. View abstract.
Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, Scott SM, Whelan K. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(4):1075-84. View abstract.
Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7):2234-2248. View abstract.
Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, et al. Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000;119:305-9. View abstract.
Goldin BR. Health Benefits of probiotics. Br J Nutr 1998;80:S203-7. View abstract.
Hagen PC, Skelley JW. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium species in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low birth weight infants. A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2019;24(1):10-15. View abstract.
Han K, Wang J, Seo JG, Kim H. Efficacy of double-coated probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(4):432-443. View abstract.
Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Mori N, et al. Effect of combined bifidobacteria supplementation and resistance training on cognitive function, body composition and bowel habits of healthy elderly subjects. Benef Microbes. 2018;9(6):843-853. View abstract.
Ishikawa H, Akedo I, Umesaki Y, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22:56-63. View abstract.
Jafarnejad S, Saremi S, Jafarnejad F, Arab A. Effects of a multispecies probiotic mixture on glycemic control and inflammatory status in women with gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:5190846. View abstract.
Jäger R, Purpura M, Stone JD, et al. Probiotic Streptococcus thermophilus FP4 and Bifidobacterium breve BR03 supplementation attenuates performance and range-of-motion decrements following muscle damaging exercise. Nutrients 2016;8(10). pii: E642. View abstract.
Kalima P, Masterton RG, Roddie PH, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J Infect 1996;32:165-7. View abstract.
Kato K, Mizuno S, Umesaki Y, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1133-41. View abstract.
Kim HJ, Camilleri M, McKinzie S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a probiotic, VSL#3, on gut transit and symptoms in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:895-904. . View abstract.
Kim MC, Lee S, Park JK, et al. Effects of ID-HWS1000 on the perception of bowel activity and microbiome in subjects with functional constipation: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Med Food 2021;24(8):883-893. View abstract.
Kobayashi Y, Kuhara T, Oki M, Xiao JZ. Effects of Bifidobacterium breve A1 on the cognitive function of older adults with memory complaints: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2019;10(5):511-520. View abstract.
Kuhbacher T, Ott SJ, Helwig U, et al. Bacterial and fungal microbiota in relation to probiotic therapy (VSL#3) in pouchitis. Gut 2006;55:833-41. View abstract.
Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabetes 2021;22(7):1014-1022. View abstract.
Leyer GJ, Li S, Mubasher ME, et al. Probiotic effects on cold and influenza-like symptom incidence and duration in children. Pediatrics 2009;124:e172-e179. View abstract.
Lievin V, Peiffer I, Hudault S, et al. Bifidobacterium strains from resident infant human gastrointestinal microflora exert antimicrobial activity. Gut 2000;47:646-52. View abstract.
Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH. Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health? BMJ 1999;318:999-1003. View abstract.
Maldonado J, Gil-Campos M, Maldonado-Lobón JA, et al. Evaluation of the safety, tolerance and efficacy of 1-year consumption of infant formula supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Lc40 or Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):361. View abstract.
Maldonado-Lobón JA, Blanco-Rojo R, Maldonado J, et al. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 for infantile colic treatment: an open-label, parallel, randomised, controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2021;12(1):55-67. View abstract.
Matsuoka K, Uemura Y, Kanai T, et al. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve Fermented Milk in Maintaining Remission of Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(7):1910-1919. View abstract.
Meydani SN, Ha WK. Immunologic effects of yogurt. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:861-72. View abstract.
Miele E, Pascarella F, Giannetti E. et al. Effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) on induction and maintenance of remission in children with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:437-43. View abstract.
Mimura T, Rizzello F, Helwig U, et al. Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis. Gut 2004;53:108-14. View abstract.
O'Callaghan A, van Sinderen D. Bifidobacteria and Their Role as Members of the Human Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol. 2016 Jun 15;7:925. View abstract.
Ohishi A, Takahashi S, Ito Y, et al. Bifidobacterium septicemia associated with postoperative probiotic therapy in a neonate with omphalocele. J Pediatr. 2010;156(4):679-81. View abstract.
Pierce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: The Stonesong Press, 1999:19.
Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez Med. 2019;27(2):175-178. View abstract.
Rastall RA. Bacteria in the gut: friends and foes and how to alter the balance. J Nutr 2004;134:2022S-2026S. View abstract.
Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Kauma H, et al. Liver abscess due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamnosus strain GG. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1159-60. View abstract.
Razmpoosh E, Javadi A, Ejtahed HS, Mirmiran P, Javadi M, Yousefinejad A. The effect of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized placebo controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(1):175-182. View abstract.
Roberfroid MB. Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods? Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1682S-7S. View abstract.
Roberfroid MB. Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods? Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(6 Suppl):1682S-7S; discussion 1688S-90S. View abstract.
Russo M, Giugliano FP, Quitadamo P, Mancusi V, Miele E, Staiano A. Efficacy of a mixture of probiotic agents as complementary therapy for chronic functional constipation in childhood. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43(1):24. View abstract.
Sakurai Y, Watanabe T, Miura Y, et al. Clinical and bacteriologic characteristics of six cases of Bifidobacterium breve bacteremia due to probiotic administration in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022;41(1):62-65. View abstract.
Sato S, Uchida T, Kuwana S, et al. Bacteremia induced by Bifidobacterium breve in a newborn with cloacal exstrophy. Pediatr Int. 2016;58(11):1226-8. View abstract.
Saxelin M, Chuang NH, Chassy B, et al. Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland 1989-1992. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:564-6. View abstract.
Sharif A, Kashani HH, Nasri E, Soleimani Z, Sharif MR. The Role of Probiotics in the Treatment of Dysentery: a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2017;9(4):380-385. View abstract.
Shavakhi A, Tabesh E, Yaghoutkar A, Hashemi H, Tabesh F, Khodadoostan M,Minakari M, Shavakhi S, Gholamrezaei A. The effects of multistrain probiotic compound on bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized placebo-controlled triple-blind study. Helicobacter. 2013;18(4):280-4. View abstract.
Shen J, Zuo ZX, Mao AP. Effect of probiotics on inducing remission and maintaining therapy in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and pouchitis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014;20(1):21-35. View abstract.
Skrzydlo-Radomanska B, Prozorow-Król B, Cichoz-Lach H, et al. The effectiveness and safety of multi-strain probiotic preparation in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled study. Nutrients 2021;13(3):756. View abstract.
Solito A, Bozzi Cionci N, Calgaro M, et al. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 strains improved insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents with obesity in a cross-over, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021;40(7):4585-4594. View abstract.
Staudacher HM, Lomer MCE, Farquharson FM, et al. A Diet Low in FODMAPs Reduces Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and A Probiotic Restores Bifidobacterium Species: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(4):936-947. View abstract.
Tabbers MM, Milliano I, Roseboom MG, Benninga MA. Is Bifidobacterium breve effective in the treatment of childhood constipation? Results from a pilot study. Nutr J 2011;10:19. View abstract.
Tian P, Chen Y, Zhu H, et al. Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 attenuates major depression disorder via regulating gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism: A randomized clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;100:233-241. View abstract.
Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti GM, et al. Low-dose balsalazide plus a high-potency probiotic preparation is more effective than balsalazide alone or mesalazine in the treatment of acute mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Med Sci Monit 2004;10:PI126-31. View abstract.
Venturi A, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, et al. Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:1103-8. View abstract.
Xiao J, Katsumata N, Bernier F, et al. Probiotic bifidobacterium breve in improving cognitive functions of older adults with suspected mild cognitive impairment: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;77(1):139-147. View abstract.
Xiao JZ, Takahashi S, Odamaki T, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(2):336-42. View abstract.
Araya-Kojima Tomoko, Yaeshima Tomoko Ishibashi Norio Shimamura Seiichi Hayasawa Hirotoshi. Inhibitory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on Harmful Intestinal Bacteria. Bifidobacteria Microflora 1995;14(2):59-66.
Araya-Kojima Tomoko, Yaeshima Tomoko Ishibashi Norio Shimamura Seiichi Hayasawa Hirotoshi. Inhibitory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on Harmful Intestinal Bacteria. Bifidobacteria Microflora 1995;14(2):59-66.
Bennet, R., Nord, C. E., and Zetterstrom, R. Transient colonization of the gut of newborn infants by orally administered bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Acta Paediatr. 1992;81(10):784-787. View abstract.
Bennet, R., Nord, C. E., and Zetterstrom, R. Transient colonization of the gut of newborn infants by orally administered bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Acta Paediatr. 1992;81(10):784-787. View abstract.
Arunachalam K, Gill HS, Chandra RK. Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019). Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:263-7. View abstract.
Arunachalam K, Gill HS, Chandra RK. Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019). Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:263-7. View abstract.
Athalye-Jape G, Minaee N, Nathan E, et al. Outcomes in preterm small versus appropriate for gestation infants after Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V supplementation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(13):2209-2215. View abstract.
Athalye-Jape G, Minaee N, Nathan E, et al. Outcomes in preterm small versus appropriate for gestation infants after Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V supplementation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(13):2209-2215. View abstract.
Bibiloni R, Fedorak RN, Tannock GW, et al. VSL#3 probiotic-mixture induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1539-46. View abstract.
Bibiloni R, Fedorak RN, Tannock GW, et al. VSL#3 probiotic-mixture induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1539-46. View abstract.
Bozzi Cionci N, Baffoni L, Gaggìa F, Di Gioia D. Therapeutic microbiology: The role of Bifidobacterium breve as food supplement for the prevention/treatment of paediatric diseases. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1723. View abstract.
Bozzi Cionci N, Baffoni L, Gaggìa F, Di Gioia D. Therapeutic microbiology: The role of Bifidobacterium breve as food supplement for the prevention/treatment of paediatric diseases. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1723. View abstract.
Chen RM, Wu JJ, Lee SC, et al. Increase of intestinal Bifidobacterium and suppression of coliform bacteria with short-term yogurt ingestion. J Dairy Sci 1999:82:2308-14. View abstract.
Chen RM, Wu JJ, Lee SC, et al. Increase of intestinal Bifidobacterium and suppression of coliform bacteria with short-term yogurt ingestion. J Dairy Sci 1999:82:2308-14. View abstract.
Costeloe K, Hardy P, Juszczak E, Wilks M, Millar MR; Probiotics in Preterm Infants Study Collaborative Group. Bifidobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Feb 13;387(10019):649-60. View abstract.
Costeloe K, Hardy P, Juszczak E, Wilks M, Millar MR; Probiotics in Preterm Infants Study Collaborative Group. Bifidobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Feb 13;387(10019):649-60. View abstract.
Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, Scott SM, Whelan K. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(4):1075-84. View abstract.
Dimidi E, Christodoulides S, Fragkos KC, Scott SM, Whelan K. The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(4):1075-84. View abstract.
Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7):2234-2248. View abstract.
Esaiassen E, Hjerde E, Cavanagh JP, Simonsen GS, Klingenberg C; Norwegian Study Group on Invasive Bifidobacterial Infections. Bifidobacterium bacteremia: Clinical characteristics and a genomic approach to assess pathogenicity. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(7):2234-2248. View abstract.
Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, et al. Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000;119:305-9. View abstract.
Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Venturi A, et al. Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000;119:305-9. View abstract.
Goldin BR. Health Benefits of probiotics. Br J Nutr 1998;80:S203-7. View abstract.
Goldin BR. Health Benefits of probiotics. Br J Nutr 1998;80:S203-7. View abstract.
Hagen PC, Skelley JW. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium species in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low birth weight infants. A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2019;24(1):10-15. View abstract.
Hagen PC, Skelley JW. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium species in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low birth weight infants. A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2019;24(1):10-15. View abstract.
Han K, Wang J, Seo JG, Kim H. Efficacy of double-coated probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(4):432-443. View abstract.
Han K, Wang J, Seo JG, Kim H. Efficacy of double-coated probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Gastroenterol. 2017;52(4):432-443. View abstract.
Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Mori N, et al. Effect of combined bifidobacteria supplementation and resistance training on cognitive function, body composition and bowel habits of healthy elderly subjects. Benef Microbes. 2018;9(6):843-853. View abstract.
Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Mori N, et al. Effect of combined bifidobacteria supplementation and resistance training on cognitive function, body composition and bowel habits of healthy elderly subjects. Benef Microbes. 2018;9(6):843-853. View abstract.
Ishikawa H, Akedo I, Umesaki Y, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22:56-63. View abstract.
Ishikawa H, Akedo I, Umesaki Y, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22:56-63. View abstract.
Jafarnejad S, Saremi S, Jafarnejad F, Arab A. Effects of a multispecies probiotic mixture on glycemic control and inflammatory status in women with gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:5190846. View abstract.
Jafarnejad S, Saremi S, Jafarnejad F, Arab A. Effects of a multispecies probiotic mixture on glycemic control and inflammatory status in women with gestational diabetes: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:5190846. View abstract.
Jäger R, Purpura M, Stone JD, et al. Probiotic Streptococcus thermophilus FP4 and Bifidobacterium breve BR03 supplementation attenuates performance and range-of-motion decrements following muscle damaging exercise. Nutrients 2016;8(10). pii: E642. View abstract.
Jäger R, Purpura M, Stone JD, et al. Probiotic Streptococcus thermophilus FP4 and Bifidobacterium breve BR03 supplementation attenuates performance and range-of-motion decrements following muscle damaging exercise. Nutrients 2016;8(10). pii: E642. View abstract.
Kalima P, Masterton RG, Roddie PH, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J Infect 1996;32:165-7. View abstract.
Kalima P, Masterton RG, Roddie PH, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus infection in a child following bone marrow transplant. J Infect 1996;32:165-7. View abstract.
Kato K, Mizuno S, Umesaki Y, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1133-41. View abstract.
Kato K, Mizuno S, Umesaki Y, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1133-41. View abstract.
Kim HJ, Camilleri M, McKinzie S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a probiotic, VSL#3, on gut transit and symptoms in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:895-904. . View abstract.
Kim HJ, Camilleri M, McKinzie S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a probiotic, VSL#3, on gut transit and symptoms in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:895-904. . View abstract.
Kim MC, Lee S, Park JK, et al. Effects of ID-HWS1000 on the perception of bowel activity and microbiome in subjects with functional constipation: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Med Food 2021;24(8):883-893. View abstract.
Kim MC, Lee S, Park JK, et al. Effects of ID-HWS1000 on the perception of bowel activity and microbiome in subjects with functional constipation: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Med Food 2021;24(8):883-893. View abstract.
Kobayashi Y, Kuhara T, Oki M, Xiao JZ. Effects of Bifidobacterium breve A1 on the cognitive function of older adults with memory complaints: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2019;10(5):511-520. View abstract.
Kobayashi Y, Kuhara T, Oki M, Xiao JZ. Effects of Bifidobacterium breve A1 on the cognitive function of older adults with memory complaints: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2019;10(5):511-520. View abstract.
Kuhbacher T, Ott SJ, Helwig U, et al. Bacterial and fungal microbiota in relation to probiotic therapy (VSL#3) in pouchitis. Gut 2006;55:833-41. View abstract.
Kuhbacher T, Ott SJ, Helwig U, et al. Bacterial and fungal microbiota in relation to probiotic therapy (VSL#3) in pouchitis. Gut 2006;55:833-41. View abstract.
Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabetes 2021;22(7):1014-1022. View abstract.
Kumar S, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Jacob N, Yadav J, Sachdeva N. A high potency multi-strain probiotic improves glycemic control in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study. Pediatr Diabetes 2021;22(7):1014-1022. View abstract.
Leyer GJ, Li S, Mubasher ME, et al. Probiotic effects on cold and influenza-like symptom incidence and duration in children. Pediatrics 2009;124:e172-e179. View abstract.
Leyer GJ, Li S, Mubasher ME, et al. Probiotic effects on cold and influenza-like symptom incidence and duration in children. Pediatrics 2009;124:e172-e179. View abstract.
Lievin V, Peiffer I, Hudault S, et al. Bifidobacterium strains from resident infant human gastrointestinal microflora exert antimicrobial activity. Gut 2000;47:646-52. View abstract.
Lievin V, Peiffer I, Hudault S, et al. Bifidobacterium strains from resident infant human gastrointestinal microflora exert antimicrobial activity. Gut 2000;47:646-52. View abstract.
Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH. Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health? BMJ 1999;318:999-1003. View abstract.
Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH. Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health? BMJ 1999;318:999-1003. View abstract.
Maldonado J, Gil-Campos M, Maldonado-Lobón JA, et al. Evaluation of the safety, tolerance and efficacy of 1-year consumption of infant formula supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Lc40 or Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):361. View abstract.
Maldonado J, Gil-Campos M, Maldonado-Lobón JA, et al. Evaluation of the safety, tolerance and efficacy of 1-year consumption of infant formula supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Lc40 or Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):361. View abstract.
Maldonado-Lobón JA, Blanco-Rojo R, Maldonado J, et al. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 for infantile colic treatment: an open-label, parallel, randomised, controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2021;12(1):55-67. View abstract.
Maldonado-Lobón JA, Blanco-Rojo R, Maldonado J, et al. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 for infantile colic treatment: an open-label, parallel, randomised, controlled trial. Benef Microbes. 2021;12(1):55-67. View abstract.
Matsuoka K, Uemura Y, Kanai T, et al. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve Fermented Milk in Maintaining Remission of Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(7):1910-1919. View abstract.
Matsuoka K, Uemura Y, Kanai T, et al. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve Fermented Milk in Maintaining Remission of Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(7):1910-1919. View abstract.
Meydani SN, Ha WK. Immunologic effects of yogurt. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:861-72. View abstract.
Meydani SN, Ha WK. Immunologic effects of yogurt. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:861-72. View abstract.
Miele E, Pascarella F, Giannetti E. et al. Effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) on induction and maintenance of remission in children with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:437-43. View abstract.
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