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Depression and Suicide: Recognizing the Signs

Depression and suicide sometimes go hand in hand, but it is important to remember that suicide can be prevented. In most cases, there are warning signs that an individual is considering a suicide attempt. The most effective way to prevent suicide is to recognize the warning signs, and respond immediately.

Some warning signs of suicide include the following behaviors:

Talking about suicide
Frequently talking about death
Talking about feeling hopeless, helpless, or worthless, saying things like "It would be better if I wasn't here" or "I want out"
Individual exhibits signs of depression, including deep sadness, loss of interest, trouble sleeping and eating
Abrupt change of mood, from extreme sadness to happiness or calm
Risk-taking behavior, e.g. driving too fast
Person exhibits loss of interest in things he used to care about
Person calls or visits people to say goodbye
Person seems to be putting affairs in order (e.g. changes will) ,

Along with these behaviors, a person is at higher risk of attempting suicide if he or she has a chronic or terminal illness, is separated or divorced, is underemployed or unemployed, or has a family history of suicide.

Be especially concerned about depression and suicide if a person exhibits any of these warning signs and has attempted suicide in the past. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, between 20-50% of people who commit suicide have had a previous attempt.

Depression and Suicide: What You Can Do

First, if someone you know appears to be depressed and is contemplating suicide, take them seriously. The risks and consequences of depression and suicide simply cannot be ignored. Listen to what the depressed person is saying. Ask what he or she is planning, but don't attempt to argue with them about committing suicide. Rather, let them know that you care and are listening. Avoid statements like: "You have so much to live for."

It is important to immediately seek help if you have any reason to suspect a friend, relative or acquaintance may be considering suicide. Encourage the troubled person to seek the help of a mental health professional, particularly a therapist with interest and expertise in depression and suicide. Suicidal people are likely to resist such advice, so you may have to be persistent. If the individual doesn't want to see a therapist, encourage him to talk to his physician, or call a suicide prevention hotline. Contact a suicide prevention hotline yourself to seek advice if the person refuses to get help.

If a friend or loved one appears to be in danger of committing suicide imminently, do not leave them alone. Remove dangerous objects or drugs from the vicinity. Accompany the person to the nearest emergency room. If the person refuses to go to the emergency room, call 911.

To minimize the risks of depression and suicide, support your friend or family member during treatment. Help them remember to take antidepressant medications and to continue any other therapy prescribed.

WebMD Medical Reference provided in collaboration with the Cleveland Clinic