Healthy Eating & Diet
Prescription Weight Loss Drugs
Obesity often requires long-term treatment to promote and sustain weight loss. As in other chronic conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, use of prescription drugs may be appropriate for some people. While most side effects of prescription weight loss drugs are mild, serious complications have been reported. More on that below.
Keep in mind that these drugs are not a cure-all for obesity. The use of weight loss drugs should be combined with physical activity and improved diet to lose and maintain weight successfully over the long term.
Do I Need a Prescription Weight Loss Drug?
Using prescription weight loss drugs to treat obesity should be used as an option for the following individuals:
- People with a body mass index(BMI) of 30 and above with no obesity-related conditions.
- A person with a BMI of 27 and above with obesity-related conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.
Types of Prescription Weight Loss Drugs
Currently, most available weight loss drugs approved by the FDA are for short-term use, meaning a few weeks or months.
One type of weight-loss medication is "appetite suppressants." These drugs generally come in the form of tablets or extended-release capsules (pills that release medication over a long period of time). Appetite suppressants can be obtained by a doctor's prescription or purchased over the counter. One common prescription appetite suppressant is phentermine.
Another type of prescription weight loss drug is a fat absorption inhibitor. Xenical is the only example of this type of treatment approved for use in the U.S. Xenical works by blocking about 30% of dietary fat from being absorbed. Xenical is now sold over-the-counter as Alli.
Xenical is the only weight loss drug approved for longer-term use in significantly obese people, although the safety and effectiveness have not been established for use beyond two years.
Newer drugs are being studied as potential treatments for obesity, some of which are showing promise and may be available in the near future.
How Do Appetite Suppressants Cause Weight Loss?
Appetite suppressants promote weight loss by tricking the body into believing that it is not hungry or that it is full. They decrease appetite by increasing serotonin or catecholamine -- two brain chemicals that affect mood and appetite.
How Do Fat Absorption Inhibitors Cause Weight Loss?
Fat absorption inhibitors work by preventing your body from breaking down and absorbing fat eaten with your meals. This unabsorbed fat is eliminated in bowel movements.
Does Xenical Really Work?
In general, Xenical is moderately effective, leading to an average weight loss of 12 to 13 pounds over a one-year period, more than what would be expected with non-drug treatments. Most of the weight loss is generally experienced in the first 6 months.
Over the short term, weight loss from prescription drugs may reduce a number of health risks in obese people. However, there are currently no studies to determine the effects of these medications over the long term.
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