Sexual Health: Your Guide to Birth Control: Spermicides

Birth control is a way for men and women to prevent pregnancy. There are many different methods of birth control; some types also protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

Spermicides are foams, jellies, tablets, creams, suppositories, or dissolvable films used by women to prevent pregnancy. Chemicals within the spermicide destroy the sperm, preventing it from fertilizing an egg. Most spermicides use the chemical nonoxynol-9.

How Effective Are Spermicides?

Although spermicides can be used alone, they are more effective when combined with a condom or diaphragm. Spermicide used alone are about 70 to 80% effective, but when used together and properly, spermicides and condoms are about 97% effective in preventing pregnancy.

Do Spermicide Protect Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases?

It was initially thought that spermicides offered protection against some sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). Recent studies have revealed that spermicides do not appear to prevent STDs. Frequent use of spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 may actually cause irritation and small tears of the genital tissue, allowing for easier transmission of HIV and other STDs. If irritation of the vagina or penis develops, it is recommended to discontinue use and follow up with your physician.

Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STDs and HIV.

However, for those individuals choosing to have sexual intercourse, condoms provide the best protection from most STDs. Spermicides do not add protection against STDs, but may help prevent pregnancy, particularly when a condom breaks or spills.

Where Can I Get Spermicides?

Spermicides are available without a prescription at most drug stores and supermarkets. Follow the package instructions carefully.

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.