Woclawek-Potocka W, Bober A, Korzekwa A, et al. Equol and para-ethyl-phenol stimulate prostaglandin F(2alpha) secretion in bovine corpus luteum: intracellular mechanisms of action. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2006;79:287-97. View abstract.
Alda JO, Mayoral JA, Lou M, et al. Purification and chemical characterization of a potent inhibitor of the Na-K-Cl cotransport system in rat urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996;221:279-85.
Arora A, Nair MG, Strasburg GM. Antioxidant activities of isoflavones and their biological metabolites in a liposomal system. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;356:133-41. View abstract.
Aso T, Uchiyama S, Matsumura Y, et al. A natural S-equol supplement alleviates hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms in equol nonproducing postmenopausal Japanese women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012;21:92-100. View abstract.
Aso T. Equol improves menopausal symptoms in Japanese women. J Nutr 2010;140:1386S-9S. View abstract.
Braidman IP, Hainey L, Batra G, et al. Localization of estrogen receptor beta protein expression in adult human bone. J Bone Miner Res 2001;16:214-20. View abstract.
Brown NM, Belles CA, Lindley SL, et al. The chemopreventive action of equol enantiomers in a chemically induced animal model of breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2010;31:886-93. View abstract.
Chin-Dusting JP, Fisher LF, Lewis TV, et al. The vascular activity of some isoflavone metabolites: implications for a cardioprotective role. Br J Pharmacol 2001;133:595-605. View abstract.
Choe EJ. Chronic equol administration attenuates the antioxidant defense system and causes apoptosis in the mouse brain. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:1779-84. View abstract.
Choi EJ, Ahn WS, Bae SM. Equol induces apoptosis through cytochrome c-mediated caspases cascade in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009;177:7-11. View abstract.
Gimenez I, Lou M, Vargas F, et al. Renal and vascular actions of equol in the rat. J Hypertens 1997;15:1303-8. View abstract.
Goodman MT, Shvetsov YB, Wilkens LR, et al. Urinary phytoestrogen excretion and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009;2:887-94. View abstract.
Grace PB, Taylor JI, Low YL, et al. Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum and spot urine as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake and their relation to breast cancer risk in Euorpean prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition-norfolk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004;13:698-708. View abstract.
Hodgson J, Croft K, Puddey I, et al. Soybean isoflavanoids and their metabolic products inhibit in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in serum. J Nutr Biochem 1996;7:664-9.
Hwang J, Wang J, Morazzoni P, et al. The phytoestrogen equol increases nitric oxide availability by inhibiting superoxide production: an antioxidant mechanism for cell-mediated LDL modification. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;34:1271-82. View abstract.
Ingram D, Sanders K, Kolybaba M, Lopez D. Case-control study of phyto-oestrogens and breast cancer. Lancet 1997;350-:990-4. View abstract.
Ishiwata N, Melby MK, Mizuno S, Watanabe S. New equol supplement for relieving menopausal symptoms: randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Japanese women. Menopause 2009;16:141-8. View abstract.
Jackman KA, Woodman OL, Chrissobolis S, Sobey CG. Vasorelaxant and antioxidant activity of the isoflavone metabolite equol in carotid and cerebral arteries. Brain Res 2007;1141:99-107. View abstract.
Jackson RL, Greiwe JS, Desai PB, Schewn RJ. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic studies of S-equol, a potent nonhormonal, estrogen receptor ß agonist being developed for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2011;18:185-93. View abstract.
Jackson RL, Greiwe JS, Schwen RJ. Emerging evidence of the health benefits of S-equol, an estrogen receptor ß agonist. Nutr Rev 2011;69:432-48. View abstract.
Jenks BH, Iwashita S, Nakagawa Y, et al. A pilot study on the effects of S-equol compared to soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flash frequency. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012;21:674-82. View abstract.
Joy S, Siow RC, Rowlands DJ, et al. The isoflavone equol mediates rapid vascular relaxation: Ca2+-independent activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase/Hsp90 involving ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2006;281:27335-45. View abstract.
Ju YH, Fultz J, Allred KF, et al. Effects of dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, at physiological concentrations on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. Carcinogenesis 2006;27:856-63. View abstract.
Kelly AJ, Malik S, Smith L, et al. Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;4:CD003101. View abstract.
Lund TD, Munson DJ, Haldy ME. Equol is a novel anti-androgen that inhibits prostate growth and hormone feedback. Biol Reprod 2004;70:1188-95. View abstract.
Martin ME, Haouriqui M, Pelissero C, et al. Interactions between phytoestrogens and human sex steroid binding protein. Life Sci 1996;58:429-36. View abstract.
Martinez RM, Gimenez I, Lou JM, et al. Soy isoflavonoids exhibit in vitro biological activities of loop diuretics. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1354S-57S. View abstract.
Mitchell JH, Gardner PT, McPhail DB, et al. Antioxidant efficacy of phytoestrogens in chemical and biological model systems. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;360:142-8. View abstract.
Morito K, Hirose T, Kinjo J, et al. Interaction of phytoestrogens with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24:351-6. View abstract.
Mueller SO, Simon S, Chae K, et al. Phytoestrogens and their human metabolites show distinct agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in human cells. Toxicol Sci 2004;80:14-25. View abstract.
Oyama A, Ueno T, Uchiyama S, et al. The effects of natural S-equol supplementation on skin aging in postmenopausal women: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2012;19:202-10. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Brown NM, Lydeking-Olsen E. The clinical importance of the metabolite equol-a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones. J Nutr 2002;132:3577-84. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Clerici C, Lephart ED, et al. S-equol, a potent ligand for estrogen receptor beta, is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial flora. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1072-9. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Clerici C. Equol: history, chemistry, and formation. J Nutr 2010;140:1355S-62S. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Clerici C. Equol: pharmacokinetics and biological actions. J Nutr 2010;140:1363S-8S. View abstract.
Shi J, Ji A, Cao Z, et al. Equol induced apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2011;40:95-8. View abstract.
Tousen Y, Ezaki J, Fujii Y, et al. Natural S-equol decreases bone resorption in postmenopausal, non-equol-producing Japanese women: a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2011;18:563-74. View abstract.
Usui T, Tochiya M, Sasaki Y, et al. Effects of natural S-equol supplements on overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Japanese, based on sex and equol status. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013;78:365-72. View abstract.
Vedevanam K, Srijayanta S, O'Reilly J, et al. Antioxidant action and potential antidiabetic properties of an isoflavonoid-containing soyabean phytochemical extract (SPE). Phytother Res 1999;13:601-8. View abstract.
Woclawek-Potocka I, Borkowski K, Korzekwa A, et al. Phyto- and endogenous estrogens differently activate intracellular calcium ion mobilization in bovine endometrial cells. J Reprod Dev 2006;52:731-40. View abstract.
Woclawek-Potocka W, Bober A, Korzekwa A, et al. Equol and para-ethyl-phenol stimulate prostaglandin F(2alpha) secretion in bovine corpus luteum: intracellular mechanisms of action. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2006;79:287-97. View abstract.
Alda JO, Mayoral JA, Lou M, et al. Purification and chemical characterization of a potent inhibitor of the Na-K-Cl cotransport system in rat urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996;221:279-85.
Arora A, Nair MG, Strasburg GM. Antioxidant activities of isoflavones and their biological metabolites in a liposomal system. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;356:133-41. View abstract.
Aso T, Uchiyama S, Matsumura Y, et al. A natural S-equol supplement alleviates hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms in equol nonproducing postmenopausal Japanese women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012;21:92-100. View abstract.
Aso T. Equol improves menopausal symptoms in Japanese women. J Nutr 2010;140:1386S-9S. View abstract.
Braidman IP, Hainey L, Batra G, et al. Localization of estrogen receptor beta protein expression in adult human bone. J Bone Miner Res 2001;16:214-20. View abstract.
Brown NM, Belles CA, Lindley SL, et al. The chemopreventive action of equol enantiomers in a chemically induced animal model of breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2010;31:886-93. View abstract.
Chin-Dusting JP, Fisher LF, Lewis TV, et al. The vascular activity of some isoflavone metabolites: implications for a cardioprotective role. Br J Pharmacol 2001;133:595-605. View abstract.
Choe EJ. Chronic equol administration attenuates the antioxidant defense system and causes apoptosis in the mouse brain. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:1779-84. View abstract.
Choi EJ, Ahn WS, Bae SM. Equol induces apoptosis through cytochrome c-mediated caspases cascade in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009;177:7-11. View abstract.
Daily JW, Ko BS, Ryuk J, Liu M, Zhang W, Park S. Equol decreases hot flashes in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Med Food 2019;22(2):127-139. View abstract.
Dong HL, Tang XY, Deng YY, et al. Urinary equol, but not daidzein and genistein, was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. Eur J Nutr 2020;59(2):719-28. View abstract.
Gimenez I, Lou M, Vargas F, et al. Renal and vascular actions of equol in the rat. J Hypertens 1997;15:1303-8. View abstract.
Goodman MT, Shvetsov YB, Wilkens LR, et al. Urinary phytoestrogen excretion and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009;2:887-94. View abstract.
Grace PB, Taylor JI, Low YL, et al. Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum and spot urine as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake and their relation to breast cancer risk in Euorpean prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition-norfolk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004;13:698-708. View abstract.
Hodgson J, Croft K, Puddey I, et al. Soybean isoflavanoids and their metabolic products inhibit in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in serum. J Nutr Biochem 1996;7:664-9.
Hwang J, Wang J, Morazzoni P, et al. The phytoestrogen equol increases nitric oxide availability by inhibiting superoxide production: an antioxidant mechanism for cell-mediated LDL modification. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;34:1271-82. View abstract.
Igase M, Igase K, Tabara Y, Ohyagi Y, Kohara K. Cross-sectional study of equol producer status and cognitive impairment in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017;17(11):2103-8. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13029. View abstract.
Iino C, Endo T, Iino K, et al. Reduced Equol Production and Gut Microbiota Features in Men With Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Am J Mens Health 2022;16(4):15579883221115598. View abstract.
Iino C, Shimoyama T, Iino K, et al. Daidzein intake is associated with equol producing status through an increase in the intestinal bacteria responsible for equol production. Nutrients 2019 Feb 19;11(2). pii: E433. doi: 10.3390/nu11020433. View abstract.
Ingram D, Sanders K, Kolybaba M, Lopez D. Case-control study of phyto-oestrogens and breast cancer. Lancet 1997;350-:990-4. View abstract.
Ishiwata N, Melby MK, Mizuno S, Watanabe S. New equol supplement for relieving menopausal symptoms: randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Japanese women. Menopause 2009;16:141-8. View abstract.
Jackman KA, Woodman OL, Chrissobolis S, Sobey CG. Vasorelaxant and antioxidant activity of the isoflavone metabolite equol in carotid and cerebral arteries. Brain Res 2007;1141:99-107. View abstract.
Jackson RL, Greiwe JS, Desai PB, Schewn RJ. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic studies of S-equol, a potent nonhormonal, estrogen receptor ß agonist being developed for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2011;18:185-93. View abstract.
Jackson RL, Greiwe JS, Schwen RJ. Emerging evidence of the health benefits of S-equol, an estrogen receptor ß agonist. Nutr Rev 2011;69:432-48. View abstract.
Jenks BH, Iwashita S, Nakagawa Y, et al. A pilot study on the effects of S-equol compared to soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flash frequency. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012;21:674-82. View abstract.
Joy S, Siow RC, Rowlands DJ, et al. The isoflavone equol mediates rapid vascular relaxation: Ca2+-independent activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase/Hsp90 involving ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2006;281:27335-45. View abstract.
Ju YH, Fultz J, Allred KF, et al. Effects of dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, at physiological concentrations on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. Carcinogenesis 2006;27:856-63. View abstract.
Kelly AJ, Malik S, Smith L, et al. Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;4:CD003101. View abstract.
Liu ZM, Chen B, Li S, et al. Effect of whole soy and isoflavones daidzein on bone turnover and inflammatory markers: a 6-month double-blind, randomized controlled trial in Chinese postmenopausal women who are equol producers. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020;11:2042018820920555. View abstract.
Lund TD, Munson DJ, Haldy ME. Equol is a novel anti-androgen that inhibits prostate growth and hormone feedback. Biol Reprod 2004;70:1188-95. View abstract.
Martin ME, Haouriqui M, Pelissero C, et al. Interactions between phytoestrogens and human sex steroid binding protein. Life Sci 1996;58:429-36. View abstract.
Martinez RM, Gimenez I, Lou JM, et al. Soy isoflavonoids exhibit in vitro biological activities of loop diuretics. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1354S-57S. View abstract.
Mayo B, Váazquez L, Flóorez AB. Equol: a bacterial metabolite from the daidzein isoflavone and its presumed beneficial health effects. Nutrients 2019;11(9):2231. View abstract.
Mitchell JH, Gardner PT, McPhail DB, et al. Antioxidant efficacy of phytoestrogens in chemical and biological model systems. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;360:142-8. View abstract.
Morito K, Hirose T, Kinjo J, et al. Interaction of phytoestrogens with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24:351-6. View abstract.
Mueller SO, Simon S, Chae K, et al. Phytoestrogens and their human metabolites show distinct agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in human cells. Toxicol Sci 2004;80:14-25. View abstract.
Muthyala RS, Ju YH, Sheng S, et al. Equol, a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones: convenient preparation and resolution of R- and S-equols and their differing binding and biological activity through estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Bioorg Med Chem 2004;12(6):1559-67. View abstract.
Oyama A, Ueno T, Uchiyama S, et al. The effects of natural S-equol supplementation on skin aging in postmenopausal women: a pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2012;19:202-10. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Brown NM, Lydeking-Olsen E. The clinical importance of the metabolite equol-a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones. J Nutr 2002;132:3577-84. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Clerici C, Lephart ED, et al. S-equol, a potent ligand for estrogen receptor beta, is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial flora. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:1072-9. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Clerici C. Equol: history, chemistry, and formation. J Nutr 2010;140:1355S-62S. View abstract.
Setchell KD, Clerici C. Equol: pharmacokinetics and biological actions. J Nutr 2010;140:1363S-8S. View abstract.
Shi J, Ji A, Cao Z, et al. Equol induced apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2011;40:95-8. View abstract.
Takahashi A, Kokubun M, Anzai Y, et al. Association between equol production and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women in their 50s-60s. Menopause 2022;29(10):1196-1199. View abstract.
Tousen Y, Ezaki J, Fujii Y, et al. Natural S-equol decreases bone resorption in postmenopausal, non-equol-producing Japanese women: a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2011;18:563-74. View abstract.
Usui T, Tochiya M, Sasaki Y, et al. Effects of natural S-equol supplements on overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Japanese, based on sex and equol status. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013;78:365-72. View abstract.
Vedevanam K, Srijayanta S, O'Reilly J, et al. Antioxidant action and potential antidiabetic properties of an isoflavonoid-containing soyabean phytochemical extract (SPE). Phytother Res 1999;13:601-8. View abstract.
Woclawek-Potocka I, Borkowski K, Korzekwa A, et al. Phyto- and endogenous estrogens differently activate intracellular calcium ion mobilization in bovine endometrial cells. J Reprod Dev 2006;52:731-40. View abstract.
Yoshikata R, Myint KZY, Ohta H, Ishigaki Y. Effects of an equol-containing supplement on advanced glycation end products, visceral fat and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021;16(9):e0257332. View abstract.
Yoshikata R, Myint KZY, Ohta H. Effects of equol supplement on bone and cardiovascular parameters in middle-aged Japanese women: a prospective observational study. J Altern Complement Med 2018;24(7):701-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0050. View abstract.
Zhang FF, Haslam DE, Terry MB, et al. Dietary isoflavone intake and all-cause mortality in breast cancer survivors: The Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer. 2017 Mar 6. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30615. View abstract.
Zhang X, Fujiyoshi A, Ahuja V, et al. Association of equol producing status with aortic calcification in middle-aged Japanese men: The ERA JUMP study. Int J Cardiol 2022;352:158-164. View abstract.
Zhang X, Fujiyoshi A, Kadota A, et al. Cross-sectional association of equol producing status with aortic calcification in Japanese men aged 40-79 years. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):20114. View abstract.