HAWTHORN: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Overview

Hawthorn is a flowering shrub in the rose family. Common species include Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus laevigata, and Crataegus oxyacantha.

The hawthorn leaves, berries, and flowers are used as medicine. They contain chemicals called flavonoids, which have antioxidant effects. Hawthorn also seems to improve blood circulation and affect blood flow from the heart.

People most commonly use hawthorn for chest pain, heart failure, blood circulation problems, high blood pressure, anxiety, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Uses & Effectiveness ?

We currently have no information for HAWTHORN overview.

Side Effects

When taken by mouth: Hawthorn is possibly safe when used in doses up to 1800 mg daily for up to 16 weeks. There isn't enough reliable information to know if hawthorn is safe when used for longer than 16 weeks. Hawthorn is usually well-tolerated.

When applied to the skin: There isn't enough reliable information to know if hawthorn is safe or what the side effects might be.

Special Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if hawthorn is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Heart disease: Hawthorn can interact with many prescription drugs used to treat heart disease. If you have a heart condition, don't use hawthorn without talking to your healthcare provider.

Surgery: Hawthorn might slow blood clotting and increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using hawthorn at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions ?

Major Interaction

Do not take this combination

Medications for male sexual dysfunction (Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors) interacts with HAWTHORN
Hawthorn might lower blood pressure. Some medications for male sexual dysfunction can also lower blood pressure. Taking hawthorn along with medications for male sexual dysfunction might cause your blood pressure to go too low.
Medications that increase blood flow to the heart (Nitrates) interacts with HAWTHORN
Hawthorn increases blood flow. Taking hawthorn with medications that also increase blood flow to the heart might increase the chance of dizziness and lightheadedness.

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

Digoxin (Lanoxin) interacts with HAWTHORN
Digoxin helps the heart beat more strongly. Hawthorn also seems to affect the heart. Taking hawthorn along with digoxin might increase the effects of digoxin and increase the risk of side effects.
Medications for high blood pressure (Beta-blockers) interacts with HAWTHORN
Hawthorn might lower blood pressure. Taking hawthorn along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Medications for high blood pressure (Calcium channel blockers) interacts with HAWTHORN
Hawthorn might lower blood pressure. Taking hawthorn along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with HAWTHORN
Hawthorn might slow blood clotting. Taking hawthorn along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.

Dosing

Hawthorn extract has most often been used by adults in doses of 160-1200 mg by mouth daily. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.

View References

REFERENCES:

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Rakotoarison DA, Gressier B, Trotin F, and et al. Antioxidant activities of polyphenolic extracts from flowers, in vitro callus and cell suspension cultures of Crataegus monogyna. Pharmazie 1997;52(1):60-64. View abstract.

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Von Eiff M, Brunner H, Haegeli A, and et al. Hawthorn/passion flower extract and improvement in physical exercise capacity of patients with dyspnoea class II of the NYHA functional classification. Acta Therapeutica 1994;20:47-66.

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Dodd F, Kennedy D, Wightman E, et al. The chronic effects of a combination of herbal extracts (Euphytose) on psychological mood state and response to a laboratory stressor: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study in healthy humans. J Psychopharmacol 2022;36(11):1243-1256. View abstract.

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Forster A, Forster K, Buhring M, et al. Crataegus bei massig reduzierter linksventrikularer Auswurffraktion. Ergospirometrische Verlaufsuntersuchung bei 72 Patienten in doppel-blindem Vergleich mit Plazebo. [Crataegus for moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Ergospirometric monitoring study with 72 patients in a double-blind comparison with placebo]. Munch Med Wschr 1994;136:s21-s26.

Hanus M, Lafon J, Mathieu M. Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination containing two plant extracts (Crataegus oxyacantha and Eschscholtzia californica) and magnesium in mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:63-71. View abstract.

Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, et al. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1255-63. View abstract.

Iwamoto M, Sato T, Ishizaki T. [The clinical effect of Crataegus in heart disease of ischemic or hypertensive origin. A multicenter double-blind study]. Planta Med 1981;42:1-16. View abstract.

Jouad H, Lemhadri A, Maghrani M, et al. Hawthorn evokes a potent anti-hyperglycemic capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 2003;3:19-29.

Leuchtgens H. [Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 in NYHA II heart failure. A placebo controlled randomized double-blind study]. Fortschr Med 1993;111:352-4. View abstract.

Liu S, You L, Zhao Y, Chang X. Hawthorn Polyphenol Extract Inhibits UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging by Regulating MMP Expression and Type I Procollagen Production in Mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2018;66(32):8537-8546. View abstract.

Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501. View abstract.

Niederseer D, Ledl-Kurkowski E, Kvita K, Funk P, Niebauer J. Safety and effects of Crataegus extract WS 1442 and Nordic walking on lipid profile and endothelial function: A randomized, partially blinded pilot study in overweight volunteers. Acta Clin Croat. 2019;58(4):604-614. View abstract.

Pahlavan S, Tousi MS, Ayyari M, et al. Effects of hawthorn ( Crataegus pentagyna) leaf extract on electrophysiologic properties of cardiomyocytes derived from human cardiac arrhythmia-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J. 2018 Mar;32(3):1440-1451. View abstract.

Pittler MH, Guo R, and Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. Cochrane.Database.Syst Rev 2008:CD005312. View abstract.

Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. View abstract.

Rababa'h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9. View abstract.

Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63. View abstract.

Schmidt U, Kuhn U, Ploch M, Hubner WD. Efficacy of the Hawthorne (Crataegus) Preparation LI 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA functional class II. Phytomedicine 1994;1:17-24. View abstract.

Schwinger RH, Pietsch M, Frank K, Brixius K. Crataegus special extract WS 1442 increases force of contraction in human myocardium cAMP-independently. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000;35:700-7. View abstract.

Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80. View abstract.

Shi KQ, Fan YC, Liu WY, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines benefit to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol.Biol Rep. 2012;39:9715-22. View abstract.

Tankanow R, Tamer HR, Streetman DS, et al. Interaction study between digoxin and a preparation of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha). J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2003;43:637-42. View abstract.

Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. View abstract.

Trexler SE, Nguyen E, Gromek SM, Balunas MJ, Baker WL. Electrocardiographic effects of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) in healthy volunteers: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2018;32(8):1642-1646. View abstract.

Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5. View abstract.

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Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43. View abstract.

Weikl A, Assmus KD, Neukum-Schmidt A, et al. [Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442. Assessment of objective effectiveness in patients with heart failure (NYHA II)]. Fortschr Med 1996;114:291-6. View abstract.

Weng WL, Zhang WQ, Liu FZ, and et al. Therapeutic effect of Crataegus pinnatifida on 46 cases of angina pectoris--a double blind study. J Tradit Chin Med 1984;4:293-94. View abstract.

Werner NS, Duschek S, and Schandry R. D-camphor-crataegus berry extract combination increases blood pressure and cognitive functioning in the elderly - a randomized, placebo controlled double blind study. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:1077-82. View abstract.

Wu M, Yang S, Liu G, et al. Treating unstable angina with detoxifying and blood-activating formulae: a randomized controlled trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;281:114530. View abstract.

Zand J, Lanza F, Garg HK, Bryan NS. All-natural nitrite and nitrate containing dietary supplement promotes nitric oxide production and reduces triglycerides in humans. Nutr Res 2011;31(4):262-9. View abstract.

Zapfe jun G. Clinical efficacy of crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II. Phytomedicine 2001;8:262-6. View abstract.

Zhou CC, Huang XX, Gao PY, et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74. View abstract.

Zick SM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. The effect of Crataegus oxycantha Special Extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:587-93. View abstract.

Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11:990-99. View abstract.

Alexander, H. A. Clinical effectiveness of Crataegus extract LI132 for treating heart insufficiency stage 2 New York: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study with n=73 patients. Dissertation (Dr. med). 1995;

Bahorun T, Gressier B, Trotin F, and et al. Oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolic extracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs and pharmaceutical preparations. Arzneim-Forsch 1996;46(2):1086-1089.

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CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.

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HAWTHORN - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Overview

Uses & Effectiveness ?

Side Effects

Special Precautions and Warnings

Interactions ?

Major Interaction

Medications for male sexual dysfunction (Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors) interacts with HAWTHORN

Medications that increase blood flow to the heart (Nitrates) interacts with HAWTHORN

Moderate Interaction

Digoxin (Lanoxin) interacts with HAWTHORN

Medications for high blood pressure (Beta-blockers) interacts with HAWTHORN

Medications for high blood pressure (Calcium channel blockers) interacts with HAWTHORN

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with HAWTHORN

Dosing

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