LARCH ARABINOGALACTAN

Ambrus, J. L., Ambrus, C. M., Shields, R., Mink, I. B., and Cleveland, C. Effect of galactose and sugar substitutes on blood insulin levels in normal and obese individuals. J.Med. 1976;7(6):429-438. View abstract.

Bayliss, C. E. and Houston, A. P. Characterization of plant polysaccharide- and mucin-fermenting anaerobic bacteria from human feces. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 1984;48(3):626-632. View abstract.

Beuth, J., Ko, H. L., Oette, K., Pulverer, G., Roszkowski, K., and Uhlenbruck, G. Inhibition of liver metastasis in mice by blocking hepatocyte lectins with arabinogalactan infusions and D-galactose. J.Cancer Res.Clin.Oncol. 1987;113(1):51-55. View abstract.

Beuth, J., Ko, H. L., Schirrmacher, V., Uhlenbruck, G., and Pulverer, G. Inhibition of liver tumor cell colonization in two animal tumor models by lectin blocking with D-galactose or arabinogalactan. Clin.Exp.Metastasis 1988;6(2):115-120. View abstract.

Egert, D. and Beuscher, N. Studies on antigen specifity of immunoreactive arabinogalactan proteins extracted from Baptisia tinctoria and Echinacea purpurea. Planta Med. 1992;58(2):163-165. View abstract.

Hagmar, B., Ryd, W., and Skomedal, H. Arabinogalactan blockade of experimental metastases to liver by murine hepatoma. Invasion Metastasis 1991;11(6):348-355. View abstract.

Hauer, J. and Anderer, F. A. Mechanism of stimulation of human natural killer cytotoxicity by arabinogalactan from Larix occidentalis. Cancer Immunol.Immunother. 1993;36(4):237-244. View abstract.

Larch arabinogalactan. Altern.Med.Rev. 2000;5(5):463-466. View abstract.

Macfarlane, S., McBain, A. J., and Macfarlane, G. T. Consequences of biofilm and sessile growth in the large intestine. Adv.Dent.Res. 1997;11(1):59-68. View abstract.

Nergard, C. S., Diallo, D., Michaelsen, T. E., Malterud, K. E., Kiyohara, H., Matsumoto, T., Yamada, H., and Paulsen, B. S. Isolation, partial characterisation and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharides from Vernonia kotschyana Sch. Bip. ex Walp. J.Ethnopharmacol. 2004;91(1):141-152. View abstract.

Nergard, C. S., Matsumoto, T., Inngjerdingen, M., Inngjerdingen, K., Hokputsa, S., Harding, S. E., Michaelsen, T. E., Diallo, D., Kiyohara, H., Paulsen, B. S., and Yamada, H. Structural and immunological studies of a pectin and a pectic arabinogalactan from Vernonia kotschyana Sch. Bip. ex Walp. (Asteraceae). Carbohydr.Res. 1-17-2005;340(1):115-130. View abstract.

Odonmazig, P., Ebringerova, A., Machova, E., and Alfoldi, J. Structural and molecular properties of the arabinogalactan isolated from Mongolian larchwood (Larix dahurica L.). Carbohydr.Res. 1-15-1994;252:317-324. View abstract.

Rampton, D. S., Cohen, S. L., Crammond, V. D., Gibbons, J., Lilburn, M. F., Rabet, J. Y., Vince, A. J., Wager, J. D., and Wrong, O. M. Treatment of chronic renal failure with dietary fiber. Clin.Nephrol. 1984;21(3):159-163. View abstract.

Salyers, A. A., Arthur, R., and Kuritza, A. Digestion of larch arabinogalactan by a strain of human colonic Bacteroides growing in continuous culture. J.Agric.Food Chem. 1981;29(3):475-480. View abstract.

Salyers, A. A., Vercellotti, J. R., West, S. E., and Wilkins, T. D. Fermentation of mucin and plant polysaccharides by strains of Bacteroides from the human colon. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 1977;33(2):319-322. View abstract.

Schepetkin, I. A., Faulkner, C. L., Nelson-Overton, L. K., Wiley, J. A., and Quinn, M. T. Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Juniperus scopolorum. Int.Immunopharmacol. 2005;5(13-14):1783-1799. View abstract.

Thude, S., Classen, B., Blaschek, W., Barz, D., and Thude, H. Binding studies of an arabinogalactan-protein from Echinacea purpurea to leucocytes. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(6):425-427. View abstract.

Uhlenbruck, G., Beuth, J., Oette, K., Roszkowski, W., Ko, H. L., and Pulverer, G. Prevention of experimental liver metastases by arabinogalactan. Naturwissenschaften 1986;73(10):626-627. View abstract.

Vince, A. J., McNeil, N. I., Wager, J. D., and Wrong, O. M. The effect of lactulose, pectin, arabinogalactan and cellulose on the production of organic acids and metabolism of ammonia by intestinal bacteria in a faecal incubation system. Br.J.Nutr. 1990;63(1):17-26. View abstract.

Yamada, H., Kiyohara, H., Cyong, J. C., and Otsuka, Y. Structural characterisation of an anti-complementary arabinogalactan from the roots of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa. Carbohydr.Res. 2-1-1987;159(2):275-291. View abstract.

Yamamoto, S., Sakai, I., and Iseki, S. Purification, composition and immunochemical properties of arabinogalactan-protein H active glycopeptides from Euonymus sieboldiana seeds. Immunol.Commun. 1981;10(3):215-236. View abstract.

Anon. Best herb for fighting off colds. Bottom Line 1999;20:1.

D'Adamo P. Larch arabinogalactan. J Naturopath Med 1996;6:33-7.

Dion C, Chappuis E, Ripoll C. Does larch arabinogalactan enhance immune function? A review of mechanistic and clinical trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016;13:28. View abstract.

GRAS Notices. U.S. Food & Drug Administration Web site. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/?set=GRASNotices. Accessed October 2016.

Grube B, Stier H, Riede L, Gruenwald J. Tolerability of a proprietary larch arabinogalactan extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy subjects. Food Nutr Sci 2012;3:1533-8.

Kelly GS. Larch arabinogalactan: Clinical relevance of a novel immune-enhancing polysaccharide. Alt Med Rev 1999;4:96-103. View abstract.

Khvostov MV, Borisov SA, Tolstikova TG, et al. Supramolecular complex of ibuprofen with larch polysaccharide arabinogalactan: studies on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017 Jun;42(3):431-440. View abstract.

Kim LS, Burkholder PM, Waters RF. Effects of low-dose larch arabinogalactan from Larix occidentalis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Complement Health Pract Rev 2002;7(2):221-9.

Kim LS, Waters RF, Burkholder PM. Immunological activity of larch arabinogalactan and Echinacea: a preliminary, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Altern Med Rev 2002;7:138-49. View abstract.

Kind LS, Macedo-Sobrinho B, Ako D. Enhanced vascular permeability induced in mice by larch arabinogalactan. Immunology 1970;19:799-807. View abstract.

Marett R, Slavin JL. No long-term benefits of supplementation with arabinogalactan on serum lipids and glucose. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104:636-9. View abstract.

Riede L, Grube B, Gruenwald J. Larch arabinogalactan effects on reducing incidence of upper respiratory tract infections. Curr Med Res Opin 2013;29(3):251-8. View abstract.

Robinson RR, Feirtag J, Slavin JL. Effects of dietary arabinogalactan on gastrointestinal and blood parameters in healthy human subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:279-85. View abstract.

Udani JK, Singh BB, Barrett ML, Singh VJ. Proprietary arabinogalactan extract increases antibody response to the pneumonia vaccine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study in healthy volunteers. Nutr J 2010;9:32. View abstract.

Udani JK. Immunomodulatory effects of ResistAid ™: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multidose study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2013;32(5):331-8. View abstract.