Women With Bipolar Disorder
In general, research shows that women tend to experience more periods of depression than men. In bipolar disorder, women are more likely to develop the type bipolar II -- meaning they never develop severe mania, but instead have milder episodes of hypomania that alternate with depression.
Women are also at higher risk for rapid cycling, which means having four or more mood episodes in one year. Varying levels of sex hormones and activity of the thyroid gland in the neck -- together with the tendency to be prescribed antidepressants -- may contribute to rapid cycling, researchers believe.
Bipolar Disorder Drugs and Reproduction
Mood-stabilizing drugs for bipolar disorder have been linked with reproductive problems in women -- specifically polycystic ovary syndrome, a problem related to female hormones. This condition puts women at risk for infertility, diabetes, and possibly heart disease and cancer of the uterus. However, the condition is treatable with medication.
Women who are pregnant should discuss the risks and benefits of bipolar disorder medications with their doctors. Lithium has been associated with an increase in the risk of birth defects and certain medical issues in newborns. When lithium is taken during pregnancy, close medical supervision is needed. ECT [electroconvulsive therapy] is sometimes used as an alternative treatment option in pregnant women.
Women who have bipolar disorder and plan to become pregnant should talk with their psychiatrist about their plans. They should never stop taking their bipolar disorder drugs before talking with their doctor.
Bipolar Disorder Drugs and Menopause
The hormone fluctuations of perimenopause and menopause can cause mood disorders in any woman -- not just those with bipolar disorder. However, for those already having troubles with major depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety disorders there usually is an increase in symptoms during this time. Especially during perimenopause, women may be especially vulnerable to depressive symptoms because of declining estrogen levels.
During menopause, hormone therapy may help. A change in antidepressant or mood stabilizing drug also may be the answer. With either individual or group therapy, women can gain support and insight into life transitions that may be adding greater stress to their lives, making their depression worse.
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