SEA BUCKTHORN: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Overview

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a plant found throughout Europe and Asia. The leaves, flowers, seeds, and fruits are used as medicine.

Sea buckthorn contains vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, and C, as well as other active ingredients. It's been used traditionally to slow down the aging process.

People use sea buckthorn for burns, eczema, acne, indigestion, high blood pressure, wrinkled skin, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of uses.

Don't confuse sea buckthorn with other plants known as "buckthorn," including alder buckthorn, European buckthorn, and Cascara sagrada. These are not the same.

Uses & Effectiveness ?

Possibly Effective for

Burns. Applying a sea buckthorn cream seems to help burns heal faster.

Possibly Ineffective for

Eczema (atopic dermatitis). Neither taking sea buckthorn by mouth nor applying a sea buckthorn cream to the skin seems to help eczema.

There is interest in using sea buckthorn for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.

Side Effects

When taken by mouth: Sea buckthorn fruit is commonly consumed as food. Sea buckthorn fruit is used in jams, pies, drinks, and other foods. The oil extract of sea buckthorn fruit and seed is possibly safe when used for up to 90 days. There isn't enough reliable information to know if sea buckthorn leaf or leaf extracts are safe or what the side effects might be.

When applied to the skin: Sea buckthorn fruit is possibly safe when used in a cream for up to 13 days. It might cause red or itchy skin for some people.

Special Precautions and Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if sea buckthorn is safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.

Children: Sea buckthorn is possibly safe when taken by mouth for up to 8 weeks in children 1-7 years of age.

Bleeding disorder: Sea buckthorn might slow blood clotting when taken as a medicine. It might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding in people with bleeding disorders.

Surgery: Sea buckthorn might slow blood clotting when taken as a medicine. It might cause extra bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using sea buckthorn at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Interactions ?

Moderate Interaction

Be cautious with this combination

Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with SEA BUCKTHORN
Sea buckthorn might slow blood clotting. Taking sea buckthorn along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs) interacts with SEA BUCKTHORN
Sea buckthorn might lower blood pressure. Taking sea buckthorn along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.

Dosing

Sea buckthorn has been used in extracts, fruit purees, seed oils, pulp oils, creams, and sprays. There isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of sea buckthorn might be. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult a healthcare professional before using.

View References

REFERENCES:

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Cheng, J., Kondo, K., Suzuki, Y., Ikeda, Y., Meng, X., and Umemura, K. Inhibitory effects of total flavones of Hippophae Rhamnoides L on thrombosis in mouse femoral artery and in vitro platelet aggregation. Life Sci. 4-4-2003;72(20):2263-2271. View abstract.

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Eccleston, C., Baoru, Y., Tahvonen, R., Kallio, H., Rimbach, G. H., and Minihane, A. M. Effects of an antioxidant-rich juice (sea buckthorn) on risk factors for coronary heart disease in humans. J Nutr.Biochem. 2002;13(6):346-354. View abstract.

Geetha, S., Ram, M. S., Sharma, S. K., Ilavazhagan, G., Banerjee, P. K., and Sawhney, R. C. Cytoprotective and antioxidant activity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) flavones against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity in lymphocytes. J.Med.Food 2009;12(1):151-158. View abstract.

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Grad, S. C., Muresan, I., and Dumitrascu, D. L. Generalized yellow skin caused by high intake of sea buckthorn. Forsch.Komplementmed. 2012;19(3):153-156. View abstract.

Gupta, A., Upadhyay, N. K., Sawhney, R. C., and Kumar, R. A poly-herbal formulation accelerates normal and impaired diabetic wound healing. Wound.Repair Regen. 2008;16(6):784-790. View abstract.

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Jain, M., Ganju, L., Katiyal, A., Padwad, Y., Mishra, K. P., Chanda, S., Karan, D., Yogendra, K. M., and Sawhney, R. C. Effect of Hippophae rhamnoides leaf extract against Dengue virus infection in human blood-derived macrophages. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(10):793-799. View abstract.

Jarvinen, R. L., Larmo, P. S., Setala, N. L., Yang, B., Engblom, J. R., Viitanen, M. H., and Kallio, H. P. Effects of oral sea buckthorn oil on tear film Fatty acids in individuals with dry eye. Cornea 2011;30(9):1013-1019. View abstract.

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Larmo, P. S., Yang, B., Hurme, S. A., Alin, J. A., Kallio, H. P., Salminen, E. K., and Tahvonen, R. L. Effect of a low dose of sea buckthorn berries on circulating concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and flavonols in healthy adults. Eur.J.Nutr. 2009;48(5):277-282. View abstract.

Lehtonen, H. M., Lehtinen, O., Suomela, J. P., Viitanen, M., and Kallio, H. Flavonol glycosides of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) are bioavailable in humans and monoglucuronidated for excretion. J.Agric.Food Chem. 1-13-2010;58(1):620-627. View abstract.

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Mishra, K. P., Chanda, S., Karan, D., Ganju, L., and Sawhney, R. C. Effect of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) flavone on immune system: an in-vitro approach. Phytother.Res. 2008;22(11):1490-1495. View abstract.

Nemes-Nagy, E., Szocs-Molnar, T., Dunca, I., Balogh-Samarghitan, V., Hobai, S., Morar, R., Pusta, D. L., and Craciun, E. C. Effect of a dietary supplement containing blueberry and sea buckthorn concentrate on antioxidant capacity in type 1 diabetic children. Acta Physiol Hung. 2008;95(4):383-393. View abstract.

Padmavathi, B., Upreti, M., Singh, V., Rao, A. R., Singh, R. P., and Rath, P. C. Chemoprevention by Hippophae rhamnoides: effects on tumorigenesis, phase II and antioxidant enzymes, and IRF-1 transcription factor. Nutr.Cancer 2005;51(1):59-67. View abstract.

Padwad, Y., Ganju, L., Jain, M., Chanda, S., Karan, D., Kumar, Banerjee P., and Chand, Sawhney R. Effect of leaf extract of Seabuckthorn on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages. Int.Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(1):46-52. View abstract.

Pang, X., Zhao, J., Zhang, W., Zhuang, X., Wang, J., Xu, R., Xu, Z., and Qu, W. Antihypertensive effect of total flavones extracted from seed residues of Hippophae rhamnoides L. in sucrose-fed rats. J.Ethnopharmacol. 5-8-2008;117(2):325-331. View abstract.

Prakash, H., Bala, M., Ali, A., and Goel, H. C. Modification of gamma radiation induced response of peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes by Hipophae rhamnoides (RH-3) in mice. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (England) 2005;57:1065-1072.

Raghavan AK, Raghavan SK, Khanum F, Shivanna N, and Singh BA. Effect of sea buckthorn leaves based herbal formulation on hexachlorocyclohexane--induced oxidative stress in rats. Journal of Dietary Supplements 2008;5(1):33-46.

Saggu, S. and Kumar, R. Possible mechanism of adaptogenic activity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) during exposure to cold, hypoxia and restraint (C-H-R) stress induced hypothermia and post stress recovery in rats. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2007;45(12):2426-2433. View abstract.

Seven, B., Varoglu, E., Aktas, O., Sahin, A., Gumustekin, K., Dane, S., and Suleyman, H. Hippophae rhamnoides L. and dexpanthenol-bepanthene on blood flow after experimental skin burns in rats using 133Xe clearance technique. Hell.J.Nucl.Med. 2009;12(1):55-58. View abstract.

Thumm, E. J., Stoss, M., Bayerl, C., and Schurholz, T. H. Randomized trial to study efficacy of a 20% and 10% Hippophae rhamnoides containing creme used by patients with mild to intermediate atopic dermatitis. Aktuelle Dermatologie 2000;26(8-9):285-290.

Vlasov, V. V. [Hippophae oil in the treatment of superficial skin burns]. Vestn.Dermatol Venerol. 1970;44(6):69-72. View abstract.

Xing, J. F., Hou, J. Y., Dong, Y. L., and Wang, B. W. Effects on gastric secretion and anti-gastric ulcer action of sea buckthorn pulp oil in rats. Journal of China Pharmacy (China) 2003;14:461-463.

Xing, J., Yang, B., Dong, Y., Wang, B., Wang, J., and Kallio, H. P. Effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed and pulp oils on experimental models of gastric ulcer in rats. Fitoterapia 2002;73(7-8):644-650. View abstract.

Xu, X., Xie, B., Pan, S., Liu, L., Wang, Y., and Chen, C. Effects of sea buckthorn procyanidins on healing of acetic acid-induced lesions in the rat stomach. Asia Pac.J.Clin.Nutr. 2007;16 Suppl 1:234-238. View abstract.

Yang, B., Kalimo, K. O., Mattila, L. M., Kallio, S. E., Katajisto, J. K., Peltola, O. J., and Kallio, H. P. Effects of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on atopic dermatitis. J Nutr.Biochem. 1999;10(11):622-630. View abstract.

Yang, B., Kalimo, K. O., Tahvonen, R. L., Mattila, L. M., Katajisto, J. K., and Kallio, H. P. Effect of dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seed and pulp oils on the fatty acid composition of skin glycerophospholipids of patients with atopic dermatitis. J Nutr.Biochem. 2000;11(6):338-340. View abstract.

Zhang, X. Zhang M. Gao Z. Wang J. and Wang Z. Effect of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on sympathetic activity in hypertension. Hua Xi.Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao 2001;32(4):547-550.

Zhu, F., Zhang, M. S., and Wang, J. L. Inhibitory effect of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L on angiotensin converting enzyme from rabbit. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (China) 2000;9:95-98.

Abdullahzadeh M, Shafiee S. To compare the effect of sea buckthorn and silver sulfadiazine dressing on period of wound healing in patients with second-degree burns: A randomized triple-blind clinical trial. Wound Repair Regen. 2021;29(5):732-740. View abstract.

Amosova EN, Zueva EP, Razina TG, et al. [The search for new anti-ulcer agents from plants in Siberia and the Far East]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1998;61:31-5. View abstract.

Boca AN, Ilies RF, Saccomanno J, et al. Sea buckthorn extract in the treatment of psoriasis. Exp Ther Med. 2019;17(2):1020-1023. View abstract.

Changshun L, Xinming C, Fenrong W, et al. [Clinical observation on reflux esophagitis treated with seabuckthorn seed oil]. Hippophae 1996;9:40-1.

Cheng TJ, Pu JK, Wu LW, et al. [A preliminary study on hepato-protective action of seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR) and mechanism of the action]. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1994;19:367-70, 384. View abstract.

Cheng TJ. [Protective action of seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR) against experimental liver injury in mice]. Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih 1992;26:227-9. View abstract.

De Seta F, Caruso S, Di Lorenzo G, Romano F, Mirandola M, Nappi RE. Efficacy and safety of a new vaginal gel for the treatment of symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Maturitas. 2021;147:34-40. View abstract.

Drapeau C, Benson KF, Jensen GS. Rapid and selective mobilization of specific stem cell types after consumption of a polyphenol-rich extract from sea buckthorn berries (Hippophae) in healthy human subjects. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:253-263. View abstract.

Gao ZL, Gu XH, Cheng FT, Jiang FH. Effect of sea buckthorn on liver fibrosis: a clinical study. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:1615-17. View abstract.

Gengquan Q, Xiang Q. [A clinical report on the therapeutics of seabuckthorn oil softgels on peptic ulcer in 30 cases]. Hippophae 1997;10:39-41.

Goldberg LD, Crysler C. A single center, pilot, double-blinded, randomized, comparative, prospective clinical study to evaluate improvements in the structure and function of facial skin with tazarotene 0.1% cream alone and in combination with GliSODin Skin Nutrients Advanced Anti-Aging Formula. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2014;7:139-44. View abstract.

Grad SC, Muresan I, Dumitrascu DL. Generalized yellow skin caused by high intake of sea buckthorn. Forsch Komplementmed. 2012;19(3):153-6. View abstract.

Guo X-F, Yang B, Cai W, Li D. Effect of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on blood lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 11 independent randomized controlled trials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017;61:1-10.

Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G. Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides) and related products: a kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects. J Food Sci 2008;73:C615-20. View abstract.

Ianev E, Radev S, Balutsov M, et al. [The effect of an extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on the healing of experimental skin wounds in rats]. Khirurgiia (Sofiia) 1995;48:30-3. View abstract.

Johansson AK, Korte H, Yang B, et al. Sea buckthorn berry oil inhibits platelet aggregation. J Nutr Biochem 2000;11:491-5.. View abstract.

Kallio H, Yang B, Peippo P. Effects of different origins and harvesting time on vitamin C, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:6136-42.. View abstract.

Kopceková J, Mrázová J, Fatrcová-&Scaron;ramková K, Habánová M, Ga&zcaron;arová M, Lenártová P. Benefits of sea buckthorn juice consumption in women of productive age with hypercholesterolemia. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2023;74(2):187-193.View abstract.

Larmo P, Alin J, Salminen E, et al. Effects of sea buckthorn berries on infections and inflammation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:1123-30. View abstract.

Larmo P, Järvinen R, Laihia J, et al. Effects of a sea buckthorn oil spray emulsion on dry eye. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2019;42(4):428-433. View abstract.

Larmo PS, Jarvinen RL, Setala NL, et al. Oral sea buckthorn oil attenuates tear film osmolarity and symptoms in individuals with dry eye. J Nutr 2010;140:1462-8. View abstract.

Larmo PS, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, et al. Effects of sea buckthorn and bilberry on serum metabolites differ according to baseline metabolic profiles in overweight women: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(4):941-51. View abstract.

Larmo PS, Yang B, Hyssälä J, et al. Effects of sea buckthorn oil intake on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Maturitas. 2014;79(3):316-21. View abstract.

Lehtonen, H. M., Suomela, J. P., Tahvonen, R., Yang, B., Venojarvi, M., Viikari, J., and Kallio, H. Different berries and berry fractions have various but slightly positive effects on the associated variables of metabolic diseases on overweight and obese women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011;65(3):394-401. View abstract.

Li Y, Liu H. Prevention of tumour production in rats fed aminopyrine plus nitrite by sea buckthorn juice. IARC Sci Publ 1991;105:568-70. View abstract.

Mortensen MW, Spagner C, Cuparencu C, et al. Sea buckthorn decreases and delays insulin response and improves glycaemic profile following a sucrose-containing berry meal: a randomised, controlled, crossover study of Danish sea buckthorn and strawberries in overweight and obese male subjects. Eur J Nutr. 2017 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1550-8. [Epub ahead of print] View abstract.

Olas B, Kontek B, Szczesna M, et al. Inhibition of blood platelet adhesion by phenolics rich fraction of Hippophae rhamnoides L. fruits. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017;68(2):223-9. View abstract.

Raitakari OT, Adams MR, McCredie RJ, et al. Oral vitamin C and endothelial function in smokers: short-term improvement, but no sustained beneficial effect. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1616-21.. View abstract.

Ren Z, Gong H, Zhao A, et al. Effect of sea buckthorn on plasma glucose in individuals with impaired glucose regulation: A two-stage randomized crossover intervention study. Foods. 2021;10(4):804. View abstract.

Rodhe Y, Woodhill T, Thorman R, Möller L, Hylander B. The effect of sea buckthorn supplement on oral health, inflammation, and DNA damage in hemodialysis patients: a double-blinded, randomized crossover study. J Ren Nutr. 2013;23(3):172-9. View abstract.

Singh RG, Singh P, Singh PK, et al. Immunomodulating and antiproteinuric effect of Hippophae rhamnoides (Badriphal) in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India. 2013;61(6):397-9. View abstract.

Suomela JP, Ahotupa M, Yang B, et al. Absorption of flavonols derived from sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) and their effect on emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease in humans. J Agric Food Chem 2006;54:7364-9. View abstract.

Wang Y, Lu Y, Liu X, et al. [The protective effect of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on hyperlipidemic serum cultured smooth muscle cells in vitro]. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1992;17:601, 624-6. View abstract.

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Xiao M, Qiu X, Yue D, et al. Influence of hippophae rhamnoides on two appetite factors, gastric emptying and metabolic parameters, in children with functional dyspepsia. Hell J Nucl Med. 2013;16(1):38-43. View abstract.

Xiao M, Yang Z, Jiu M, et al. [The antigastroulcerative activity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside and its aglycone in rats]. Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1992;23:98-101. View abstract.

Zeb A. Chemical and nutritional constituents of sea buckthorn. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2004;3:99-106.

Zhang Maoshun, et al. Treatment of ischemic heart diseases with flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides. Chinese Journal of Cardiology 1987;15:97-9.

Zhongrui L, Shuzhen T. [Clinical observation on curative effect of oral seabuckthorn seed oil on cancers under chemotherapy]. Hippophae 1993;6:39-41.

Zhou F, Zhang J, Zhao A, Zhang Y, Wang P. Effects of sea buckthorn puree on risk factors of cardiovascular disease in hypercholesterolemia population: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anim Biotechnol. 2020:1-9. View abstract.

Agrawala, P. K. and Adhikari, J. S. Modulation of radiation-induced cytotoxicity in U 87 cells by RH-3 (a preparation of Hippophae rhamnoides). Indian J.Med.Res. 2009;130(5):542-549. View abstract.

Bala M, Prasad J, Singh S, Tiwari S, and Sawhney RC. Whole-body radioprotective effects of SBL-1: a preparation from leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 2009;15(2):203-15.

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CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
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