Overview
PABA is taken for a disease that causes curved, painful erections (Peyronie disease), a rare autoimmune disorder that causes skinblisters (pemphigus), hardening of skin and connective tissue (scleroderma), and many other conditions. But there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
PABA is best known as a sunscreen that is applied to the skin.
How does it work ?
Uses & Effectiveness ?
Effective for
Possibly Effective for
- Peyronie disease. PABA is FDA-approved for use in this condition.
Possibly Ineffective for
- Hardening of skin and connective tissue (scleroderma). Although PABA is FDA-approved for scleroderma, there is only limited evidence that it is effective. Not all research has shown benefit.
Insufficient Evidence for
- Infection of the eye caused by herpes virus (herpes keratitis). Early research suggests that using a specific PABA eye solution (Actipol) as eye drops can treat this condition.
- Conditions involving long-term muscle inflammation (swelling) and weakness (inflammatory myopathies). PABA is approved by the FDA for this skin condition. But there is only limited evidence that it is effective.
- A rare autoimmune disorder that causes skin blisters (pemphigus). PABA is approved by the FDA for this skin condition. But there is only limited evidence that it is effective.
- A skin disorder that causes white patches to develop on the skin (vitiligo).
- Arthritis.
- Constipation.
- Headaches.
- Preventing hair loss.
- Darkening gray hair.
- Other conditions.
Side Effects
When applied to the skin: PABA is LIKELY SAFE for most people when applied directly to the skin. There haven't been any reports of serious harm. But there have been reports that PABA increases the risk for sunburn in some people, even though it usually works as a sunscreen.
When applied into the eye: PABA is POSSIBLY SAFE when a solution is used as an eye drop in the eyes.
Special Precautions and Warnings
When applied to the skin: PABA is LIKELY SAFE for most people when applied directly to the skin. There haven't been any reports of serious harm. But there have been reports that PABA increases the risk for sunburn in some people, even though it usually works as a sunscreen.
When applied into the eye: PABA is POSSIBLY SAFE when a solution is used as an eye drop in the eyes. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: PABA is LIKELY SAFE when applied to the skin during pregnancy or breast-feeding. There isn't enough reliable information to know if PABA is safe to take by mouth when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Children: When applied directly to the skin, PABA is LIKELY SAFE for children. PABA is POSSIBLY SAFE for children when taken by mouth in doses of 220 mg/kg daily or less. PABA is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth in higher doses.
Kidney disease: PABA might build up in the kidneys making kidney disease worse. Do not use it if you have kidney problems.
Interactions ?
Antibiotics (Sulfonamide antibiotics) interacts with PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID (PABA)
Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) can decrease the effectiveness of certain antibiotics called sulfonamides.
Some of these antibiotics include sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra).Dapsone (Avlosulfon) interacts with PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID (PABA)
Dapsone (Avlosulfon) is used as an antibiotic. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) might decrease the effectiveness of dapsone (Avlosulfon) for treating infections.
Major Interaction
Do not take this combination
Cortisone interacts with PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID (PABA)
The body breaks down cortisone to get rid of it. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) might decrease how quickly the body breaks down cortisone. Taking PABA by mouth and getting a cortisone shot might increase the effects and side effects of cortisone.
Moderate Interaction
Be cautious with this combination
Dosing
ADULTS
BY MOUTH:
- For Peyronie disease: A specific PABA product (POTABA, Glenwood LLC.) 12 grams daily in four divided doses with meals for 8-24 months has been used.
- For sunburn: Sunscreens with 1% to 15% PABA have been used.
APPLIED TO THE SKIN:
- For sunburn: Sunscreens with 1% to 15% PABA have been used.
Finley JW, Davis CD, Feng Y. Selenium from high selenium broccoli protects rats from colon cancer. J Nutr 2000;130:2384-9. View abstract.
Finley JW, Ip C, Lisk DJ, et al. Cancer-protective properties of high-selenium broccoli. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49:2679-83. View abstract.
Fleshner NE, Kucuk O. Antioxidant dietary supplements: Rationale and current status as chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer. Urology 2001;57:90-4. View abstract.
Flodin NW. Micronutrient supplements: toxicity and drug interactions. Prog Food Nutr Sci 1990;14:277-331. View abstract.
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: https://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
Gartner R, Gasinier BC. Selenium in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis. Biofactors 2003;19:165-70. View abstract.
Gartner R, Gasnier BC, Dietrich JW, et al. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1687-91.. View abstract.
Girodon F, Galan P, Monget AL, et al. Impact of trace elements and vitamin supplementation on immunity and infections in institutionalized elderly patients: a randomized, controlled trial. MIN. VIT. AOX. geriatric network. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:748-54. View abstract.
Girodon F, Lombard M, Galan P, et al. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on infection in institutionalized elderly subjects: a controlled trial. Ann Nutr Metab 1997;41:98-107. View abstract.
Golik A, Modai D, Averbukh Z, et al. Zinc metabolism in patients treated with captopril versus enalapril. Metabolism 1990;39:665-7. View abstract.
Golik A, Zaidenstein R, Dishi V, et al. Effects of captopril and enalapril on zinc metabolism in hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:75-8. View abstract.
Gong HY, He JG, Li BS. Meta-analysis of the association between selenium and gastric cancer risk. Oncotarget 2016;7(13):15600-5. View abstract.
Goossens ME, Zeegers MP, van Poppel H, et al. Phase III randomised chemoprevention study with selenium on the recurrence of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. The SELEnium and BLAdder cancer Trial. Eur J Cancer. 2016;69:9-18. View abstract.
Gregus Z, Gyurasics A, Csanaky I. Effects of arsenic-, platinum-, and gold-containing drugs on the disposition of exogenous selenium in rats. Toxicolog Sci 2000;57:22-31. View abstract.
Hadadi A, Ostovar A, Edalat Noor B, et al. The effect of selenium and zinc on CD4(+) count and opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: a randomized double blind trial. Acta Clin Belg. 2020;75(3):170-176. View abstract.
Hasani M, Djalalinia S, Sharifi F, et al. Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res. 2018 Oct;50(10):715-727. doi: 10.1055/a-0749-6655. Epub 2018 Oct 12. View abstract.
Hawkes WC, Turek PJ. Effects of dietary selenium on sperm motility in healthy men. J Androl 2001;22:764-72.. View abstract.
Heese HD, Lawrence MA, Dempster WS, Pocock F. Reference concentrations of serum selenium and manganese in healthy nulliparas. S Afr Med J 1988;73:163-5. View abstract.
Helzlsouer KJ, Huang HY, Alberg AJ, et al. Association between alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, selenium, and subsequent prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:2018-23.. View abstract.
Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, et al. The SU.VI.MAX Study: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the health effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2335-42. View abstract.
Hiramatsu T, Imoto M, Koyano T, Umezawa K. Induction of normal phenotypes in ras-transformed cells by damnacanthal from Morinda citrifolia. Cancer Lett 1993;73:161-6. View abstract.
Hofbauer LC, Spitzweg C, Magerstadt RA, Heufelder AE. Selenium-induced thyroid dysfunction. Postgrad Med J 1997;73:103-4. View abstract.
House WA, Welch RM. Bioavailability of and interactions between zinc and selenium in rats fed wheat grain intrinsically labeled with 65Zn and 75Se. J Nutr 1989;119:916-21. View abstract.
Huang TS, Shyu YC, Chen HY, et al. Effect of parenteral selenium supplementation in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e54431. View abstract.
Hurd RW, Van Rinsvelt HA, Wilder BJ, et al. Selenium, zinc, and copper changes with valproic acid: possible relation to drug side effects. Neurology 1984;34:1393-5. View abstract.
Hurst R, Hooper L, Norat T, et al. Selenium and prostate cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96(1):111-22. View abstract.
Hurwitz BE, Klaus JR, Llabre MM, et al. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:148-54. View abstract.
Ip C. Interaction of vitamin C and selenium supplementation in the modification of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986;77:299-303. View abstract.
Ishikawa M, Sasaki M, Koiwai K, et al. Inhibition of hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes in mice by acute and chronic treatment with selenium. J Pharmacobiodyn 1992;15:377-85. View abstract.
Jamilian M, Mansury S, Bahmani F, Heidar Z, Amirani E, Asemi Z. The effects of probiotic and selenium co-supplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res. 2018 Sep 14;11(1):80. View abstract.
Jie KG, Bots ML, Vermeer C, et al. Vitamin K status and bone mass in women with and without aortic atherosclerosis: a population-based study. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59:352-6. View abstract.
Kahaly GJ, Riedl M, König J, Diana T, Schomburg L. Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial of Selenium in Graves Hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(11):4333-4341. View abstract.
Kamali A, Amirani E, Asemi Z. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019;191(2):331-7. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-1636-7. View abstract.
Karagas MR, Greenberg ER, Nierenberg D, et al. Risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in relation to plasma selenium, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol: a nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997;6:25-9.. View abstract.
Karamali M, Dastyar F, Badakhsh MH, Aghadavood E, Amirani E, Asemi Z. The effects of selenium supplementation on gene expression related to insulin and lipid metabolism, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;195(1):1-8. View abstract.
Karamali M, Nourgostar S, Zamani A, Vahedpoor Z, Asemi Z. The favourable effects of long-term selenium supplementation on regression of cervical tissues and metabolic profiles of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2015;114(12):2039-45. View abstract.
Karaye KM, Sa'idu H, Balarabe SA, et al. Selenium supplementation in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy: a proof-of-concept trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):457. View abstract.
Karp DD, Lee SJ, Keller SM, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III chemoprevention trial of selenium supplementation in patients with resected state I non-small-cell lung cancer: ECOG 5597. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(33):4179-87. View abstract.
Kelly P, Musonda R, Kafwembe E, et al. Micronutrient supplementation in the AIDS diarrhea-wasting syndrome in Zambia: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS 1999;13:495-500. View abstract.
Kies, C. and Harms, J. M. Copper absorption as affected by supplemental calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium and potassium. Adv.Exp.Med Biol. 1989;258:45-58. View abstract.
King JC. Effect of reproduction on the bioavailability of calcium, zinc and selenium. J Nutr 2001;131:1355S-8S. View abstract.
Klein EA, Thompson IM Jr, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA 2011;306:1549-56. View abstract.
Koller LD, Exon JH. The two faces of selenium-deficiency and toxicity--are similar in animals and man. Can J Vet Res 1986;50:297-306. View abstract.
Kong Z, Wang F, Ji S, et al. Selenium supplementation for sepsis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Emerg Med 2013;31(8):1170-5. View abstract.
Koskelo EK. Serum selenium in children during anti-cancer chemotherapy. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:799-802. View abstract.
Krizek M, Senft V, Motan J. Influence of hemodialysis on selenium blood levels. Sb Lek 2000;101:241-8.. View abstract.
Kryscio RJ, Abner EL, Caban-Holt A, et al. Association of Antioxidant Supplement Use and Dementia in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease by Vitamin E and Selenium Trial (PREADViSE). JAMA Neurol. 2017. View abstract.
Kung AWC, Pun KK. Bone mineral density in premenopausal women receiving long-term physiological doses of levothyroxine. JAMA 1991;265:2688-91. View abstract.
Kurekci AE, Alpay F, Tanindi S, et al. Plasma trace element, plasma glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels in epileptic children receiving antiepileptic drug therapy. Epilepsia 1995;36:600-4. View abstract.
Kuria A, Fang X, Li M, et al. Does dietary intake of selenium protect against cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020;60(4):684-94. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1548427. View abstract.
Laali E, Manifar S, Kazemian A, Jahangard-Rafsanjani Z, Gholami K. Effect of selenium on incidence and severity of mucositis during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2020;18(1):765-772. View abstract.
Leatherdale B, Panesar RK, Singh G, et al. Improvement in glucose tolerance due to Momordica charantia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981;282:1823-4. View abstract.
Abarca, J., Odilla, Arrollo C., Blanch, S., and Arellano, G. [Melasma in pregnancy: reduction of its appearance with the use of a broad-spectrum photoprotective agent]. Med Cutan.Ibero.Lat.Am 1987;15(3):199-203. View abstract.
Akberova, S. I. [Actipol in treating stromal herpetic keratitis]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2002;118(2):17-19. View abstract.
Akberova, S. I. [Para-aminobenzoic acid and prospects of its use in ophthalmology]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2002;118(3):53-56. View abstract.
Akberova, S. I. and Musaev Galbinur, P. I. [The new interferon inducer Aktipol in the treatment of herpetic keratitis]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2000;116(2):16-18. View abstract.
Akberova, S. I., Musaev Galbinur, P. I., Stroeva, O. G., Magomedov, N. M., Babaev, N. F., and Galbinur, A. P. [Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant activity of para-aminobenzoic acid and emoxipin in the cornea and crystalline lens (an experimental study)]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 2001;117(4):25-29. View abstract.
Akberova, S. I., Tazulakhova, E. B., Musaev Galbinur, P. I., Leont'eva, N. A., and Stroeva, O. G. [Study of interferon-inducing activity of para-aminobenzoic acid injected subconjunctivally in rabbits]. Vestn.Oftalmol. 1999;115(1):24-26. View abstract.
Alenda, O., Beley, S., Ferhi, K., Cour, F., Chartier-Kastler, E., Haertig, A., Richard, F., and Roupret, M. [Pathophysiology and management of Peyronie's disease in adult patients: an update]. Prog Urol. 2010;20(2):91-100. View abstract.
Antoniou, C., Kosmadaki, M. G., Stratigos, A. J., and Katsambas, A. D. Sunscreens--what's important to know. J Eur Acad.Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(9):1110-1118. View abstract.
Beekwilder, J. P., O'Leary, M. E., van den Broek, L. P., van Kempen, G. T., Ypey, D. L., and van den Berg, R. J. Kv1.1 channels of dorsal root ganglion neurons are inhibited by n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate, a promising anesthetic for the treatment of chronic pain. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 2003;304(2):531-538. View abstract.
Davies, D. M. and Cavanagh, J. Jaundice from potassium p-aminobenzoate. Lancet 4-22-1967;1(7495):896. View abstract.
Dobrev, H., Popova, L., and Vlashev, D. Proteinase inhibitors and pemphigus vulgaris. An in vitro and in vivo study. Arch Dermatol Res 1996;288(11):648-655. View abstract.
Drozd, N. N., Makarov, V. A., Miftakhova, N. T., Kalugin, S. A., Stroeva, O. G., and Akberova, S. I. [Antithrombotic activity of para-aminobenzoic acid]. Eksp.Klin.Farmakol. 2000;63(3):40-44. View abstract.
Duffy, L. F., Kerzner, B., Seeff, L., Barr, S. B., and Soldin, S. J. Preliminary assessment of glycine conjugation of para-aminobenzoic acid as a quantitative test of liver function. Clin.Biochem. 1995;28(5):527-530. View abstract.
Ehlert, C., Strunz, H., Visser, K., Wiese, M., and Seydel, J. K. Inhibition of the conjugation of PABA with glycine in vitro by sulfamoyl benzoic acids, sulfonamides, and penicillins and its relation to tubular secretion. J Pharm.Sci 1998;87(6):785. View abstract.
Fisher, D. E., Lofton, S. P., Hale, T., Durant, N., and Grant, L. F. Peyronie's disease: a case study with clinical implications. Urol.Nurs. 2008;28(2):109-112. View abstract.
Flindt-Hansen, H. and Ebbesen, P. Ultraviolet light induction of peripheral granulocytosis with splenomegaly: protection of mice with topical p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Br J Dermatol 1991;125(3):222-226. View abstract.
Flindt-Hansen, H., Thune, P., and Eeg-Larsen, T. The effect of short-term application of PABA on photocarcinogenesis. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1990;70(1):72-75. View abstract.
Flindt-Hansen, H., Thune, P., and Larsen, T. E. The inhibiting effect of PABA on photocarcinogenesis. Arch.Dermatol Res 1990;282(1):38-41. View abstract.
Gaby, A. R. Natural remedies for scleroderma. Altern.Med.Rev. 2006;11(3):188-195. View abstract.
Griffiths, M. R. and Priestley, G. C. A comparison of morphoea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in vitro: the effects of para-aminobenzoate on skin fibroblasts. Acta Derm.Venereol. 1992;72(1):15-18. View abstract.
Grouls, R., Korsten, E., Ackerman, E., Hellebrekers, L., van Zundert, A., and Breimer, D. Diffusion of n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate (BAB), lidocaine and bupivacaine through the human dura-arachnoid mater in vitro. Eur.J.Pharm.Sci. 2000;12(2):125-131. View abstract.
Gur, S., Limin, M., and Hellstrom, W. J. Current status and new developments in Peyronie's disease: medical, minimally invasive and surgical treatment options. Expert.Opin.Pharmacother. 2011;12(6):931-944. View abstract.
Hasche-Klunder, R. [Treatment of peyronie's disease with para-aminobenzoacidic potassium (POTOBA) (author's transl)]. Urologe A 1978;17(4):224-227. View abstract.
Hellstrom, W. J. Medical management of Peyronie's disease. J Androl 2009;30(4):397-405. View abstract.
Hoek, F. J., Sanders, G. T., and Tytgat, G. N. Influence of gastric emptying on the PABA test. Clin Chim Acta 6-15-1987;165(2-3):235-241. View abstract.
Jarratt, M., Hill, M., and Smiles, K. Topical protection against long-wave ultraviolet A. J Am Acad.Dermatol 1983;9(3):354-360. View abstract.
Kierkegaard, E. and Nielsen, B. [Peyronie's disease treated with K-para-aminobenzoate and vitamin E]. Ugeskr.Laeger 7-23-1979;141(30):2052-2053. View abstract.
Korsten, H. H., Ackerman, E. W., Grouls, R. J., van Zundert, A. A., Boon, W. F., Bal, F., Crommelin, M. A., Ribot, J. G., Hoefsloot, F., and Slooff, J. L. Long-lasting epidural sensory blockade by n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate in the terminally ill intractable cancer pain patient. Anesthesiology 1991;75(6):950-960. View abstract.
Larsen, S. M. and Levine, L. A. Peyronie's disease: review of nonsurgical treatment options. Urol.Clin North Am 2011;38(2):195-205. View abstract.
Leonard, F. and Kalis, B. [Photoprotection by drugs]. Rev Prat. 6-1-1992;42(11):1375-1376. View abstract.
Linn, E. E. Microemulsion of intradermal delivery of cetyl alcohol and octyl dimethyl PABA. Drug Development & Industrial Pharmacy 1990;16(6):899-920.
Mackie, B. S. and Mackie, L. E. The PABA story. Australas.J Dermatol 1999;40(1):51-53. View abstract.
Mohorn, M. and Knupfer, M. [Effectiveness of the calcium antagonist nifedipine and the protease inhibitor with plasmin inactivating effect para-aminomethylbenzoic acid on stress-induced bronchial asthma]. Z Gesamte Inn.Med 11-1-1984;39(21):527-530. View abstract.
Pan, C. W., Shen, Z. J., and Ding, G. Q. The effect of intravesical instillation of antifibrinolytic agents on bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment of superficial bladder cancer: a pilot study. J Urol. 2008;179(4):1307-1311. View abstract.
Penneys, N. S. Treatment of lichen sclerosus with potassium para-aminobenzoate. J.Am.Acad.Dermatol. 1984;10(6):1039-1042. View abstract.
Pereira de Godoy, J. M. Aminaphtone in idiopathic cyclic oedema syndrome. Phlebology. 2008;23(3):118-119. View abstract.
Petri, H., Pierchalla, P., and Tronnier, H. [The efficacy of drug therapy in structural lesions of the hair and in diffuse effluvium--comparative double blind study]. Schweiz.Rundsch.Med Prax. 11-20-1990;79(47):1457-1462. View abstract.
Priestley, G. C. and Brown, J. C. Effects of potassium para-aminobenzoate on growth and macromolecule synthesis in fibroblasts cultured from normal and sclerodermatous human skin, and rheumatoid synovial cells. J.Invest Dermatol. 1979;72(4):161-164. View abstract.
Pryor, J., Akkus, E., Alter, G., Jordan, G., Lebret, T., Levine, L., Mulhall, J., Perovic, S., Ralph, D., and Stackl, W. Peyronie's disease. J Sex Med. 2004;1(1):110-115. View abstract.
Rooney, J. F., Bryson, Y., Mannix, M. L., Dillon, M., Wohlenberg, C. R., Banks, S., Wallington, C. J., Notkins, A. L., and Straus, S. E. Prevention of ultraviolet-light-induced herpes labialis by sunscreen. Lancet 12-7-1991;338(8780):1419-1422. View abstract.
Sagone, A. L., Jr., Husney, R. M., and Davis, W. B. Biotransformation of para-aminobenzoic acid and salicylic acid by PMN. Free Radic.Biol.Med. 1993;14(1):27-35. View abstract.
Slapke, J., Hummel, S., Wischnewsky, G. G., and Winkler, J. Protease inhibitor prevents bronchoconstriction in man. Eur J Respir.Dis 1986;68(1):29-34. View abstract.
Stroeva, O. G., Akberova, S. I., Drozd, N. N., Makarov, V. A., Miftakhova, N. T., and Kalugin, S. S. [The antithrombotic activity of para-aminobenzoic acid in experimental thrombosis]. Izv.Akad.Nauk Ser.Biol 1999;(3):329-336. View abstract.
Taneva, E. [Pantogar--modern treatment of hair loss, structural hair lesions, early alopecia, and dystrophy of nails]. Akush.Ginekol.(Sofiia) 2002;41 Suppl 1:37-40. View abstract.
Taylor, C. R., Stern, R. S., Leyden, J. J., and Gilchrest, B. A. Photoaging/photodamage and photoprotection. J Am Acad.Dermatol 1990;22(1):1-15. View abstract.
Taylor, S. E. and Dorris, R. L. Modification of local anesthetic toxicity by vasoconstrictors. Anesth.Prog 1989;36(3):79-87. View abstract.
Trost, L. W., Gur, S., and Hellstrom, W. J. Pharmacological Management of Peyronie's Disease. Drugs 2007;67(4):527-545. View abstract.
van den Berg, R. J., Van Soest, P. F., Wang, Z., Grouls, R. J., and Korsten, H. H. The local anesthetic n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate selectively affects inactivation of fast sodium currents in cultured rat sensory neurons. Anesthesiology 1995;82(6):1463-1473. View abstract.
Weidner, W., Hauck, E. W., and Schnitker, J. Potassium paraaminobenzoate (POTABA) in the treatment of Peyronie's disease: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Eur Urol 2005;47(4):530-535. View abstract.
Zarafonetis, C. J. and HORRAX, T. M. Treatment of Peyronie's disease with potassium para-aminobenzoate (potaba). J Urol. 1959;81(6):770-772. View abstract.
Carson CC. Potassium para-aminobenzoate for the treatment of Peyronie's disease: is it effective? Tech Urol 1997;3:135-9. View abstract.
Clegg DO, Reading JC, Mayes MD, et al. Comparison of aminobenzoate potassium and placebo in the treatment of scleroderma. J Rheumatol 1994;21:105-10. View abstract.
Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
Facts and Comparisons staff. Drug Facts and Comparisons. St Louis: Wolters Kluwer Company (updated monthly).
Hughes CG. Oral PABA and vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:770.
Jakobsen J, Pedersen AN, Ovesen L. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) used as a marker for completeness of 24 hour urine: effects of age and dosage scheduling. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:138-42. View abstract.
Kantor GR, Ratz JL. Liver toxicity from potassium para-aminobenzoate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;13:671-2.
Ludwig G. Evaluation of conservative therapeutic approaches to Peyronie's disease (fibrotic induration of the penis). Urol Int 1991;47:236-9. View abstract.
Pathak MA. Sunscreens: Topical and systemic approaches for protection of human skin against harmful effects of solar radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7:285-312. View abstract.
Sieve BF. The clinical effects of a new B Complex Factor, para-aminobenzoic acid, on pigmentation and fertility. Southern Medicine & Surgery 1942;135-9.
Wiesel LL, Barritt AS, Stumpe WM. The synergistic action of para-aminobenzoic acid and cortisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med Sci 1951;243-8.
Worobec S, LaChine A. Dangers of orally administered para-aminobenzoic acid. JAMA 1984;251:2348.
Zarafonetis CJ, Dabich L, DeVol EB, et al. Potassium para-aminobenzoate and liver function test findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15:144-9. View abstract.
Zarafonetis CJ, Dabich L, Devol EB, et al. Retrospective studies in scleroderma: pulmonary findings and effect of potassium p-aminobenzoate on vital capacity. Respiration 1989;56:22-33. View abstract.
Zarafonetis CJ, Dabich L, Negri D, et al. Retrospective studies in scleroderma: effect of potassium para-aminobenzoate on survival. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:193-205. View abstract.
Zarafonetis CJ, Dabich L, Skovronski JJ, et al. Retrospective studies in scleroderma: skin response to potassium para-aminobenzoate therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1988;6:261-8. View abstract.
Zarafonetis CJ, Horrax TM. Treatment of peyronie's disease with para-aminobenzoacidic potassium (POTOBA). J Urol 1959;81:770-2.
Zarafonetis CJ. Darkening of gray hair during para-amino-benzoic acid therapy. J Invest Dermatol 1950;399-401.
Select a condition to view a list of vitamins
You Might Also Like
CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.
This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.